how to sail yacht

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How to Sail a Boat

Last Updated: May 13, 2022 Approved

This article was co-authored by Nitzan Levy . Captain Nitzan Levy is a Sailor, Social Entrepreneur, and the Founder of Sailors NYC, a recreational sailors’ club based in Jersey City, New Jersey that specializes in cruising boats and a variety of community programs. Capt. Levy has over 20 years of sailing experience and has sailed in many places around the world including: the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, The Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean. Capt. Levy is a U.S. Coast Guard Licensed Master of vessels up to 50 Tons with Auxiliary Sail and Assistance Towing Endorsements. Capt. Levy is also a NauticEd Level V Captain Rank Chief Instructor, an American National Standards Assessor, an SLC instructor, an ASA (American Sailing Association) Certified Instructor Bareboat Chartering, and an Israeli licensed skipper on Boats for International Voyages. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article received 25 testimonials and 92% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 959,231 times.

For centuries, the sea has captured the spirits of sailors and adventurers all over the world. In his poem "Sea Fever", John Masefield claimed that all he needed was "a tall ship and a star to steer her by" to feel complete. Breaking into the sailing world can be challenging, but this article will help guide you through the ebb and flood of the nautical world. As a note, this article will help get you started, but it cannot be overstated that before you begin, have an experienced sailor show you the standing and running rigging on your boat and their functions before you venture out on the water on your own.

Gaining a Basic Knowledge of Sailing

• Block: This is the nautical term for a pulley.
• Boom: The horizontal support for the foot of the mainsail which extends aft of the mast. This is what you want to watch out for when changing directions in a sailboat. It can give you quite a wallop on the head if it hits you.
• Bow: This is what the front of the boat is called.
• Centerboard: This is a (usually fiberglass) plate that pivots from the bottom of the keel in some boats and is used to balance the boat when under sail.
• Cleat: Cleats are what lines (or ropes) get fastened to when they need to be kept tight.
• Halyard: Lines that raise or lower the sails. (Along with the sheets, aka running rigging.)
• Hull: The hull is the body of the boat and consists of everything below the deck.
• Jib: This is the sail at the bow of the boat. The jib helps propel the boat forward.
• Genoa: A foresail which is larger than a jib.
• Keel: The keel is what prevents a boat from sliding sideways ("making leeway") in whatever way the wind is blowing and stabilizes the boat.
• Line: Lines are ropes. They are everywhere on boats. There is only one "rope" on a sailboat, the bolt rope which runs along the foot of the mainsail.
• Mainsail: As the name implies, this is the mainsail of the boat. It is the sail attached to the back of the mast.
• Mast: The mast is a large, vertical pole that holds the sails up. Some boats have more than one mast.
• Painter: This is a line positioned at the front of small boats. It is used to tie the boat to a dock or another boat.
• Rudder: The rudder is how the boat is steered. It is movable so that when you turn the wheel or tiller, the rudder directs the boat in the direction you would like the boat to go.
• Sheets: The lines that control the sails. (aka running rigging.)
• Spinnaker: The usually brightly colored sail used when sailing downwind or across the wind.
• Stays and Shrouds: Some wires make sure the mast stays upright, even in very heavy winds. (aka standing rigging.)
• Stern: This is the term for the back of the boat.
• Tiller: The tiller is a stick attached to the rudder and is used to control the rudder.
• Transom: This is what we would call the butt of the boat. It is the back part of the boat that is perpendicular to its centerline.
• Wheel: The wheel works the rudder, steering the boat.
• Winch: Winches help tighten the sheets and halyards. When these lines are wrapped around a winch (in a clockwise direction), a sailor can turn the winch with a winch handle, providing mechanical advantage which makes it easier to bring in the lines.

• Sloop : Sloops are the most common type of sailboat (when you think of a sailboat this is probably the one you picture in your mind.) It has a single mast and is rigged up with a jib in the front and a mainsail attached to the back of the mast. They can range in size and are ideal for sailing upwind.
• Catboat : A Catboat has a mast set up near the front of the boat and is a single-sail boat. They are small (or large, for that matter) and easily operated by one or two people.
• Cutter : Cutters have one mast with two sails in the front and a mainsail on the back of the mast. These boats are meant for small crews or groups of people and can be handled relatively easily.
• Ketch : A Ketch has two masts, with the second mast called the mizzen mast. The mizzen is shorter than the mainmast and is in front of the rudder.
• Yawl : Yawls are similar to ketches with the difference being that their mizzen masts are located behind the rudder. The reason for this placement is that the mizzen on yawls is for keeping balance, rather than for moving the boat forward.
• Schooner : Schooners are large sailboats with two or more masts. The mast in the back of the boat is either taller or equal in height to the mast at the front of the ship. Schooners have been used to commercially fish, transport goods and as warships.

• Port: When you are facing the bow (the front of the boat) the side to your left is the port side.
• Starboard: Starboard is the right side of the boat when facing the bow.
• Windward: As the name might imply, windward is the direction from which the wind is blowing, upwind.
• Leeward: This is also called ‘Lee’. This is the direction to which the wind is blowing, downwind.
• Tacking: Tacking is when you turn the bow of the boat through the wind so that the wind switches from one side of the boat to the other. This is when you most need to be mindful of the boom, as the boom will swing from one side of the boat to the other when you tack (you don’t want to be in its way when it does that.)
• Gybing (Jibing): This is the opposite of tacking, which means that it is when you turn the stern (or back) of the boat through the wind so that wind shifts to the other side of the boat. This is a more dangerous maneuver in a strong breeze than tacking since the boat's sails are always fully powered by the wind, and may react violently to the change in the orientation of the boat to the wind. Care must be exercised to control the boom during this maneuver as serious injury is a possibility if the boom travels across the cockpit uncontrolled.
• Luffing: This is when the sails begin to flap and lose drive caused by steering the boat into wind or easing (loosening) sheets.

Preparing The Boat

• Check the lines ( running rigging ) that raise and control the sails ( halyards and sheets respectively). Make sure that they are separated, not wrapped around each other or fouled on anything else, and that they all have a figure-eight knot or other stopper knot on the free ( bitter ) end so they cannot pull through the mast or sheaves.
• Pull all lines out of their cleats and off their winches. There should be nothing binding any line; all should be free to move and be clear at this point.
• If you have a topping lift—a small line that holds the back of the boom up and out of the way when the sail isn't in use—let it out until the boom sags downward freely, then re-tie or re-cleat it. Watch out for the boom; it's just swinging around at this point; it will cause a painful "clunk" if it happens to hit you or your crew. The boom will return to its normal, horizontal position when you hoist the mainsail completely.
• If so equipped, be sure that the tiller is properly attached to and controls the rudder. Your sailboat is now prepared for you to hoist the sails!

• If your boat doesn't have a windex, tie a couple of nine-inch pieces of old cassette tape, VHS tape, or oiled yarn to the shrouds—the rigging cables that hold up the mast. Place them on each side, about four feet up from the sides of the boat. These will show you from which direction the wind is blowing, although some sailors find cassette tape to be just too sensitive for this purpose.

• If your boat has a motor, use the motor to keep the boat pointed into the wind while you hoist sail.
• Here's a handy tip: if the water is not deep at your dock, or if you have no side pier, walk the boat out away from the dock and anchor it into the sand, and the boat will automatically point itself into the direction of the wind!

Hoisting The Sails

• There will be a small line ( outhaul ) attaching the rear corner of the mainsail ( clew ) to the end of the boom. Pull it so the foot of the main is taut, and cleat. This helps the mainsail have a smooth shape for the air flowing over it.
• Hoist the mainsail by pulling down on its halyard until it stops. It will be flapping around ( luffing ) like crazy, but that's OK for a short period of time. (Excessive luffing will drastically reduce the life and durability of the sail).
• The leading edge of the sail ( luff ) must be tight enough to remove folds, but not so tight as to create vertical creases in the sail.
• There will be a cleat in the vicinity of the halyard where it comes down from the top of the mast. Cleat the halyard. Using the jib halyard, raise the front sail ( jib , genoa or simply the headsail ), and cleat the halyard off. Both sails will be luffing freely now. Sails are always raised mainsail first, then the jib, because it's easier to point the boat into the wind using the main.

• Turn the boat to the left ( port ) or right ( starboard ) so it's about 90 degrees off the wind. This is known as a beam reach .
• Pull on the main sheet ( trimming ) until the sail is around 45 degrees away from straight back ( aft ). This is a safe place for the main while you trim the jib.
• You will start moving and tilting ( heeling ) away from the wind. A heel of more than 20 degrees usually indicates that you're being overpowered. Releasing the mainsheet momentarily ( breaking the main ) will lessen the amount of heel, and you will return to a more comfortable sailing angle of 10 to 15 degrees.

• The jib will form a curve or pocket; trim the sail until the front edge just stops luffing. Keep your hand on the tiller (or helm ) and stay on course!

• If you or the wind hasn't changed direction, this is the most efficient place to set the sails. If anything changes, you have to adjust them in response.
• You have just entered the world of the sailor, and you will have to learn to do many things at once, or suffer the consequences.

Sailing Your Boat

• When the wind is at your back and side ( aft quarter ), it's called a broad reach . This is the most efficient point of sail as both sails are full of wind and pushing the boat at full force.
• When the wind is at your back, you are running with the wind . This is not as efficient as reaching, because air moving over the sail generates lift and more force than just the wind pushing the boat.
• When running with the wind, you can pull the jib over to the other side of the boat where it will fill. This is called wing-on-wing , and you have to maintain a steady hand on the tiller to keep this sail configuration. Some boats have a "whisker pole" which attaches to the front of the mast and the clew of the jib which makes the jib much easier to control and keep full of wind. Be sure to be vigilant of obstacles and other vessels, as having both sails in front of you blocks a significant portion of your view.
• Be careful —when the boat is running, the sails will be way off to the side, and because the wind is basically behind you the boom can change sides suddenly ( jibe or gybe ), coming across the cockpit with quite a bit of force.
• If you have a wind direction indicator at the top of your mast, do not sail downwind (run) so that the wind indicator points toward the mainsail. If it does, you are sailing with the boom on the windward side ( sailing by the lee ) and are at high risk of an accidental jibe. When this happens the boom can hit you with enough force to knock you unconscious and out of the boat ( overboard ).
• It's a good practice to rig a preventer (a line from the boom to the toe rail or any available cleat) to limit the travel of the boom across the cockpit in case of an accidental gybe.

• On most sailboats this will be about 45 degrees from the wind direction.
• When you've gone as far as you can on this tack, turn the boat through the wind (or changing direction by tacking ), releasing the jib sheet out of its cleat or off the winch drum as the front of the boat ( bow ) turns through the wind.
• The main and boom will come across the boat. The mainsail will self-set on the other side, but you will have to quickly pull in the jib sheet on the now downwind side to its cleat or winch, while steering the boat so the mainsail fills and begins to draw again.
• If you do this correctly, the boat won't slow down much and you will be sailing to windward in the other direction. If you're too slow tightening the jibsheet again and the boat bears off the wind too much, don't panic. The boat will be pushed sideways a little until it gains speed.
• Another scenario would be to fail to put the bow of your boat through the wind quickly enough and the boat comes to a complete stop. This is known as being in irons , which is embarrassing, but every sailor has experienced it, whether or not they'll admit it is another story. Being in irons is easily remedied: when the boat is blown backwards you will be able to steer, and as the bow is pushed off the wind you will achieve an appropriate angle to the wind to sail.
• Point the tiller in the direction you wish to go and tighten the jib sheet to windward, ( backwinding the sail ). The wind will push the bow through the wind. Once you've completed your tack, release the sheet from the winch on the windward side and pull in the sheet to leeward and you'll be on your way again.
• Because speed is so easily lost when tacking, you'll want to perform this maneuver as smoothly and quickly as possible. Keep tacking back and forth until you get to your destination.

• Reefing almost always needs to be done before you think you need to!
• It's also a good idea to practice capsize procedures on a calm day too. Knowing how to right your boat is a necessary skill.

Storing the Sails

Community Q&A

Comprehension Quiz

• Try learning to determine the wind direction using your ears. Let the wind blow onto your back, then slowly turn your head left to right and back until you feel it "equalize" over your ears. Once you find that point, you now know the wind direction, and using this method, you can understand the wind more without having to use your eyes. [7] X Research source Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
• Know how to read clouds and the weather they may bring. [8] X Research source Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 2
• If something bad happens—too much wind, man overboard, etc.—remember that you can bring the whole thing to a halt simply by pulling all three sheets out of their cleats or off their winches. The boat will (mostly) stop. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0

• Going overboard is a serious matter, especially if you are alone. Cold water, currents, and other boats all can account for serious dangers, and if the sails are up, the boat will take off much faster than you might expect. Additionally, many boats float so high on the water ( freeboard ) that it is difficult to climb in or haul people in without assistance. When sailing at night, always wear a shoulder-mounted flashlight and strobe emergency signaling device, which makes it much easier for a SAR (Search And Rescue) crew to spot you in the water. Thanks Helpful 36 Not Helpful 4
• In sailing, your very life may depend on doing things before they need to be done, when they first cross your mind. If you wait until it needs to be done, it may be too late or very difficult. Follow your instincts. Thanks Helpful 30 Not Helpful 5
• Remember the old maxim "It's better to be on the dock, wishing you were on the lake, than to be on the lake, wishing you were on the dock". Don't let enthusiasm overcome your good judgement on a day you should not go out. The apparent wind while tied alongside at the dock may be very different out on the water. Many novices (and experienced sailors, for that matter) get into trouble venturing out when there is too much wind to sail safely. Thanks Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0
• It is highly recommended that you at least have working knowledge of the nomenclature of the boat and have done some reading of in-depth material before attempting this sport yourself. Some highly recommended reads are: The Complete Idiot's Guide to Sailing , Sailing for Dummies , and Sailing the Annapolis Way by Captain Ernie Barta. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
• Know how how to use VHF radio to make a Mayday call from a Marine Vessel . In an emergency, it is usually the quickest way to summon help. Cell phones may be used, but VHF will be able to contact a nearby vessel much more quickly should you need assistance or be able to render same. [9] X Research source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

Things You'll Need

• A life vest (Personal Flotation Device) is mandatory on all boats for all passengers. (A pealess whistle attached to the PFD is an excellent idea!) You should wear one at all times. If you have children with you, they should wear one even when you are at the dock.
• Every vessel, regardless of length is required to have a certain amount of safety gear aboard. This ranges from an anchor with sufficient rode, flares, and other equipment as may be mandated by the Government. These regulations are for your safety and should be adhered to.

You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://www.lovesailing.net/sailing-theory/sailing-basics/parts-of-a-boat/parts-of-a-boat.php
• ↑ https://www.boats.com/resources/sailing-101-sailboat-types-rigs-and-definitions/
• ↑ http://www.discoverboating.com/resources/article.aspx?id=243
• ↑ https://www.uscgboating.org/images/486.PDF
• ↑ https://www.cruisingworld.com/learn-to-sail-101#page-2
• ↑ https://www.discoverboating.com/resources/how-does-a-boat-sail-upwind
• ↑ https://www.dummies.com/sports/sailing/finding-the-winds-direction/
• ↑ https://weather.com/news/news/read-clouds-meteorologist-20130826
• ↑ https://www.boatus.org/marine-communications/basics/

About This Article

To sail a boat, start by performing a detailed visual check of the cables and ropes that support the mast. Next, determine the wind direction by referring to the wind direction indicator at the top of the mast, then point the boat into the wind. Secure the bottom front of the mainsail and jib to the shackles on the boom and bow of the boat, then trim the jib sheets and mainsail before letting out the main sheet! For tips on monitoring wind indicators, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Sail a Yacht: The Beginner's Guide to Yachting

Posted by: GJW Direct   |   Feb 9, 2022

How to sail a yacht: A beginner’s guide

Sailing a yacht isn’t, unfortunately, something you can master simply by reading an article. Like anything worth learning, it takes hard work, perseverance, and passion. There are, however, things you can do to prepare yourself before you take your maiden voyage. Here are our top tips for beginners looking to learn how to sail a yacht.

Talk to experienced sailors

The first step on your sailing journey should be to learn from the masters. If you’re not yet sure how to get started or want some insider tips, experienced sailors can help put you at ease. Make sure to ask questions and keep notes – you never know when that advice might come in handy.

Learn the basics

Before you even step aboard a yacht, there are some boating basics including words and terminology you should be aware of. This terminology may refer to parts of the boat that you’ll be responsible for operating or monitoring or may be vital safety or geographical information. To get you started, we’ve broken down the basics below

Yachting terminology

Port = Left of the yacht Starboard = Right Bow = The front of the yacht– the pointed end Stern = The back of the yacht – the wide end Main sail = The big sail Jib = The small sail at the front of your yacht Mast = The main beam holding up your sail Boom = Pole running at a right angle from the mast Line = Rope used on board your yacht Knots = The metric used to measure your yacht’s speed and wind speed

There are plenty more terms you’ll need to get your head around, if you need more information – check out this handy A-Z guide. If you want to learn more about the types of yacht , and how much a yacht costs check out our guides.

Be a passenger

The best way to learn other than sailing is to be a passenger on board a yacht. While you’re still learning, get on the water as much as possible with more experienced sailors, observe them to understand the dynamics of a crew, how they handle challenges, and how you can apply that to your own sailing. You’ll also be able to see how all that terminology you’ve learnt works in practice and why it’s important to know before you set sail.

Get involved with your local yachting club

Once you’re ready, one of the best ways to get started in learning how to sail a yacht is to get involved with your local sailing or yachting club. They’ll be able to assess your current knowledge and competencies and set out a plan to get you out on the water. You’ll also be able to meet like-minded people and link up with potential future crew members. Want to find out more? Visit the Royal Yachting Association’s website to get started.

Preparing for your first voyage

Before you get on board, make sure you’re ready for your voyage – that means wearing the correct clothing – waterproofs and hats if required – and especially stocking up on suntan lotion if the weather outside looks warm. Read back your notes, and keep in mind everything you’ve learnt so far – but also be prepared for it all to go out of the window once that first wave hits!

Setting sail

On your first voyage, you’ll be with more experienced sailors who can coach you as you take off. Once you’ve stepped on board, your skipper will assign tasks. It’s vital that you listen to your role and understand what tasks you must take on during the voyage.

Before you set off, you’ll raise the main sail. At this point, the boom might swing from side to side so watch your head! Then, as you cast off, you’ll raise the jib which will help you control direction as you start sailing. Now you’re on the water, you’ll start to learn terms including trimming and tracking, which are methods of controlling and manipulating your sails to adjust speed and direction according to wind conditions. Now, let your sailing adventure commence!

Whether you’re a new yacht owner, or an experienced sailor GJW Direct yacht insurance offers comprehensive cover for a range of different vessels. Policies are subject to exclusions and limitations.

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Learning How to Sail 101

• By John Rousmaniere
• Updated: May 4, 2020

Points of Sail

“The idea of sailing a boat upon the sea can seduce even the happiest farmer or mountain climber. There is something about boat and water that sends romance churning in our hearts, and simply the sight of a boat can inspire a reverie.”

I wrote those words in the first edition of my sailing manual, The Annapolis Book of Seamanship , in 1983. They’re still there today in the updated fourth edition, published in 2014. And yet, as deeply as I feel about boats, I’m certain that when you’re afloat, romantic and magical thinking is no substitute for basic skills and fundamental knowledge.

To quote some other words I wrote back then: “Limitless in her poetry, a sailboat is still restricted by the realities of wind and sea.” Here I’ll describe some important basic skills when learning to sail for dealing with a few of those realities, including some tips and tricks of the seaman’s trade that I have learned and that should make you a more able, safe and confident skipper or crew.

How to Start Sailing

The very first step when you go sailing is to properly prepare yourself for the sometimes demanding and harsh elements you will encounter on the water. Take a wide-brim hat, a waterproof jacket, nonskid sneakers and, of course, a life jacket that fits you securely. Wipe on a gob or two of high-SPF sun lotion, and take the tube with you so you can continue to apply it lavishly. Those who suffer from motion sickness should consider taking a medication, preferably one that you’ve tested for side effects. Before heading out, write up a float plan including your itinerary and important contacts and share it with your friends and family, or your sailing club.

The most unsettling moment of a new sailor’s first day learning to sail often comes when you climb on board and feel the boat move under you. There’s plenty of reserve buoyancy, but if the boat’s small and skittish, you should step into the center of the cockpit. A bigger boat can be boarded via the side deck, but even it may sway and settle a little. Forget about looking graceful. Take advantage of any handhold you can grab.

Once everyone is on board, the skipper must assert command. To quote a wise captain and safety instructor, Karen Prioleau: “When leadership is obscure, tight situations get even tighter.” Assignments are made, gear is stowed, the bilge is pumped, an inspection is conducted to see that all is in order, sails are prepared to hoist, and plans are made to get underway. If the boat has a motor, it can be used to get away from the mooring or dock into open water before setting sail. But for now, let’s concentrate on getting underway on an engineless boat. Start by setting the mainsail, the big sail. The line to the boom (called the mainsheet) must be well eased so the sail, once set, spills wind (luffs) and doesn’t fill prematurely. The boom will flop around, so keep your head low and consider controlling it with a line called a preventer.

Trimming and Tacking a Sailboat

When the skipper says to cast off, up goes the jib, the smaller sail on the bow, also with a loose sheet. Casting off under sail is a little complicated because the boat isn’t moving, which means the rudder has little to no effect. That’s why the boat must be steered with the sails until there’s enough speed (or “steerageway”) for rudder steering. When learning to sail, start with the boat hanging off the mooring or pier; the sails will luff because the wind is blowing from directly ahead. If you’re looking at the bow, you’ll feel the wind on both ears. That angle is sometimes called the “wind’s eye.” Trim the jib—using the winch to bring the sail in, not let it out—to the side opposite the one where you want to sail. If you want to head off to the port side, you “back the jib,” or trim it to the “wrong” side. As the backed jib pulls the bow off, cast off the mooring. Once the wind is on that side, trim the jib to the correct side while also trimming the mainsail as the boat accelerates. In this way, the sails help steer the boat.

An entertaining and educational exercise is to sail a boat toward a buoy or other target on a reach, with the wind coming from the side (or beam) of the boat, and do a series of slow weaves as the sheets are eased and trimmed. When the skipper at the helm and the sail trimmers are in sync, everything goes well (see Figure 1). If you get nervous, slow down by easing the sails until they are just half-filled with wind.

Practice changing tacks. If you start off with the wind coming over the starboard side, you’re on the starboard tack. If the wind is on the port side, you’re on the port tack (see Figure 2). One of the two ways to change tacks is called “coming about,” or “tacking.” The helmsman starts the process by saying, “Ready about,” and after the crew answers that they’re ready, “Hard alee.” With a strong, fluid shove of the tiller or turn of the steering wheel, the bow passes through the eye of the wind and comes off onto the new tack (see Figure 3).

The other way to change tacks is to jibe, pulling the tiller or wheel in the other direction, easing the sheets out, and swinging the stern through the wind’s eye until the boom swings across (see Figure 4). The steerer’s commands are “stand by to jibe” and, after the crew acknowledges, “jibe-ho.” The boom will come across suddenly and rapidly, so all crewmembers must be careful to duck their head as they trim the mainsail and jib to the new sides.

Since we are talking about steering, this may be the place to encourage you to steer from the windward side of the tiller or wheel. The windward side (closer to the wind direction) is higher than the leeward side (farther from the wind) when the boat is heeling, so you will have greater visibility to see “puffs” of wind (the dark shadows moving across the water) as they approach.

Using Telltales

One phenomenon of sailing is that as the boat speeds up or slows down, the wind seems to change direction and force. That’s because there are two types of wind. One, called “true wind,” is the breeze you feel when standing still. The true wind’s velocity and direction are the same for all nearly stationary objects. But if one of those objects moves (like a boat does), its motion affects the true wind to create “apparent wind,” which is felt by people on the moving object.

Sails are trimmed to the apparent wind. You can gauge the apparent-wind direction and force by feeling it on your skin, reading it on an electronic instrument, or seeing it on a telltale, which is a short length of yarn tied to one of the boat’s side stays (shrouds) that support the mast. While all those devices indicate the wind direction, none of them tells you if your sails are trimmed correctly for that direction.

Sails are airfoils, with a deep curve that redirects the apparent wind to produce a force that pulls the boat forward (somewhat like a wing lifting an airplane off a runway). Side force is absorbed and redirected to forward force by the airfoil-shaped fins under the boat, the centerboard and keel. As airfoils, sails should be trimmed to suit the wind, and the boat should sail the most effective angle to that wind.

A simple, effective indicator of that sailing angle is a set of short lengths of special telltales—yarn or ribbons—that are sewn or glued to sails. Some telltales are placed on the jib, near its leading edge (the luff), on both sides of the sail. Ideally, there should be three pairs of jib telltales at equal intervals up and down the sail’s luff. But one pair about halfway up the sail should do the job. Other telltales are secured, one at a time, on the trailing edge of the mainsail (the leech), or at least at or near the second batten from the top. The jib telltales on both sides of the sail should stream aft most of the time, with the windward ones lifting slightly from time to time. The mainsail leech telltale should stream aft about half the time. If your telltales behave differ­ently, try steering closer to or farther off the wind, and experiment with sail trim. An inch or two of sail trim or ease can get them flowing again and make the boat sail faster.

Sailing Rules of the Road

Once you’re sailing, you may be near other boats and worried about who is under an obligation to alter course to avoid a collision. The basic rule is that more maneuverable boats must give way (change course) to avoid boats that are less maneuverable and that, therefore, may continue on their course, giving them right of way. (These are sometimes called “stand-on vessels.”) Usually powerboats must give way to sailboats, but all smaller boats, sail and power, must give way to big ships in a narrow channel and other vessels requiring room to maneuver.

There are a few other basic rules. When one boat is overtaking another, no matter what type, the overtaking boat must give way. When boats under power meet each other bow to bow, they each should turn to starboard so they pass port side to port side. And when sailboats are sailing near each other, without engines turned on, the one on the port tack (with the wind coming over the port side) is obliged to give way to the one on starboard tack. But even if the rules give you the right of way, proceed just as sensibly and defensively as you would when you face the realities of wind and sea at other times in open waters.

Once you’ve mastered these basics, get out on the water as often as possible to hone your skills in all conditions. One of the great things about sailing is that no matter how many miles you cover, there’s something new and different to experience every time you set sail. Congratulations on taking the first step toward what, for so many of us sailors, has become an enjoyable, lifelong pursuit.

Renowned sailing writer John Rousmaniere has logged over 40,000 nautical miles of bluewater sailing, including nine Newport-Bermuda races. This article is based on material from the fourth edition of his comprehensive sailing manual, The Annapolis Book of Seamanship (Simon & Schuster, 2014).

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Learn How to Sail a Sailboat: Essential Tips and Techniques

Alex Morgan

Sailing a sailboat is an exhilarating experience that allows you to harness the power of the wind and navigate the open waters. Whether you’re a beginner or have some sailing experience, understanding the fundamentals of sailing and sailboats is essential for a safe and enjoyable journey.

To embark on your sailing adventure, it’s important to have a basic understanding of sailing terminology, as well as the different types of sailboats available. There are two main types:

• Dinghies: These are small, lightweight boats that are typically sailed by one or two people. They are easy to maneuver and are great for learning the basics of sailing.
• Keelboats: These are larger boats with a fixed keel in the center, which provides stability and helps prevent capsizing. Keelboats are suitable for longer journeys and can accommodate more people.

Gaining knowledge of important sailboat terminology is crucial for effective communication and understanding while on the water. This includes familiarizing yourself with terms related to sails and rigging, points of sail (the direction your boat can sail relative to the wind), and maneuvers such as tacking (turning the bow of the boat through the wind) and jibing (turning the stern of the boat through the wind).

Before setting sail, proper preparation is key. This involves checking weather conditions, performing safety checks to ensure the boat is in good working order, and gathering essential equipment such as life jackets, navigation tools, and communication devices.

Once you’re ready to sail, mastering basic sailing techniques is essential. This includes learning how to get underway, steer the boat, change direction, and adjust the sails to optimize performance. Understanding how to maneuver in different wind conditions is also crucial for a successful sailing experience.

As you progress in your sailing journey, you can explore advanced techniques such as sail trimming (adjusting the sails for optimal performance), sailing upwind and downwind, and heaving to (a technique used to pause the boat’s forward momentum).

Safety is of utmost importance while sailing, and knowing emergency procedures is essential. This includes knowing how to perform a man overboard recovery, how to handle capsizing and righting the boat, and how to deal with unexpected weather changes.

By familiarizing yourself with the basics of sailing, gaining practical experience, and adhering to safety practices, you can fully enjoy the thrilling and rewarding experience of sailing a sailboat.

– Sailing a sailboat maximizes the use of wind power: By harnessing the wind, sailors can navigate and move their sailboats without relying on fuel or other energy sources. – Understanding sailboat terminology is crucial: Knowing the different parts of a sailboat and how they function is essential for effectively maneuvering and controlling the boat. – Safety should always come first in sailing: Before setting sail, it is important to check weather conditions, perform safety checks, and gather the necessary equipment to ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

Types of Sailboats

Ever wondered about the different types of sailboats out there? Let’s set sail and explore the fascinating world of sailboat varieties. From nimble dinghies to sturdy keelboats, each sub-section will take us on a journey through the unique features and uses of these magnificent watercraft. So grab your life jacket and brace yourself for an adventure into the diverse world of sailboats, where the wind becomes our guide and the waves carry us to new horizons.

A table of commonly used dinghies in sailing:

There are many other types of dinghies available, each with its own unique characteristics and purposes. Factors to consider when choosing a dinghy include skill level, intended use, and sailing conditions. It is important to maintain and equip the dinghy with safety gear, and to be familiar with its handling and safety procedures. Dinghies provide an exciting and engaging experience on the water, whether for racing or leisure sailing.

Keelboats are sailboats with a keel attached to the hull. The keel , a fin-like structure, provides stability and allows for sailing upwind . Keelboats are larger and more spacious than dinghies, making them suitable for cruising and overnight trips. They often have cabins , kitchens , and bathrooms . Keelboats can be sailed by a large crew or single-handedly, depending on their size and design . They are used for racing and leisure sailing , offering a comfortable and stable experience. Beginners may prefer keelboats because of their stability and resistance to capsizing . Learning to sail a keelboat involves sail trimming , steering , and maneuvering in different wind conditions.

Understanding Important Sailboat Terminology

Get ready to set sail! In this section, we’ll dive into the essential sailboat terminology that every sailor should know. From understanding the intricate workings of sails and rigging to mastering the different points of sail , we’ll cover it all. Plus, we’ll unravel the mysteries of tacking and jibing , helping you navigate the waters with ease. So, grab your captain’s hat and join us as we explore the fascinating world of sailboat terminology.

Sails and Rigging

The sails and rigging are essential components of a sailboat that enable it to harness the wind and move forward. The durable and lightweight fabric of the sails is attached to a system of ropes and wires called the rigging. The rigging, which includes components such as the mast , boom , and shrouds , supports and controls the sails.

The mast is a tall vertical structure that holds the sails in place and provides stability to the sailboat. The boom , a horizontal spar, connects to the bottom of the mast and supports the foot of the mainsail. The shrouds , diagonal wires or ropes, hold the mast in place and prevent it from swaying or collapsing in the wind.

The sheets , ropes attached to the sails, control their position and shape based on the wind direction. The halyards , ropes used to raise or lower the sails, allow sailors to adjust the amount of sail area exposed to the wind. Sail controls , including the cunningham , outhaul , and vang , fine-tune the sail shape for optimal performance.

The rigging’s ropes and wires are secured and adjusted using knots , cleats , and winches , giving sailors control over the sails.

Points of Sail

The points of sail play a significant role in sailing as they pertain to angles at which a sailboat can navigate in relation to the wind. It is essential for sailors to have a good understanding of these points of sail in order to effectively maneuver their boats. Here is a breakdown of the different points of sail:

– Close-hauled: This is when the sailboat sails as close to the wind direction as possible, usually at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees into the wind.

– Close reach: In this point of sail, the boat sails between close-hauled and a beam reach, at an angle of approximately 45 to 60 degrees to the wind.

– Beam reach: Here, the boat sails perpendicular to the wind, forming a right angle to the wind direction. This point of sail is often considered the fastest and most comfortable.

– Broad reach: The boat sails with the wind coming from behind at an angle of approximately 135 to 150 degrees.

– Running: In this point of sail, the boat sails directly downwind, with the wind coming from directly behind.

– Jibing: This refers to the maneuver of changing from one tack to another by turning the stern of the boat through the wind.

– Tacking: On the other hand, tacking is the maneuver of changing from one tack to another by turning the bow of the boat through the wind.

Sailors must have a mastery of the points of sail to effectively control the speed, stability, and direction of the boat, based on wind conditions and their desired destination.

Tacking and Jibing

When sailing, understanding tacking and jibing is crucial for maneuvering the sailboat effectively. Tacking is the process of changing the sailboat’s direction by turning the bow through the wind. To ensure better handling during the maneuver, it is important to release the jib sheet and loosen the front sail. Turning the boat into the wind involves rotating the helm away from it to turn the bow in the desired direction. As the bow turns, it is necessary to switch the jib sheet by releasing the current one and grabbing the new sheet on the opposite side of the boat. Once the boat has turned, the next step is to trim the sails by pulling in the new jib sheet and adjusting the mainsail for sailing in the new direction.

A true story exemplifies the significance of tacking and jibing in a regatta. During a race, a group of skilled sailors encountered a sudden wind shift as they approached a buoy, requiring a quick tack . Through their expertise in tacking and jibing , the crew efficiently executed the maneuver, maintaining their position in the race and gaining an advantage over their competitors. Their proficiency in these techniques contributed to their success in the regatta.

Preparing to Sail

As you embark on the exhilarating journey of sailing a sailboat , it’s crucial to begin by properly preparing for your adventure. In this section, we will dive into the essential steps of getting ready for a sail . From checking weather conditions for a safe voyage to performing thorough safety checks and gathering the necessary equipment, we’ll equip you with the knowledge and tools you need to set sail with confidence . So, let’s delve into the preparations that will lay the foundation for a successful and enjoyable sailing experience .

Checking Weather Conditions

When embarking on a sailing adventure, it is crucial to prioritize the safety and enjoyment of all those involved. This can be achieved by following a set of essential steps, which include checking weather conditions effectively:

1. Stay up to date: It is important to consistently monitor the latest weather forecasts for your specific sailing location. Trustworthy sources such as the National Weather Service or local marine services should be consulted for accurate information.

2. Wind matters: Pay close attention to both the speed and direction of the wind. Understanding how these factors may change throughout the day, and being aware of any significant gusts or shifts, is vital for a successful sailing experience.

3. Keep an eye on approaching weather systems: Be mindful of any imminent storms or fronts that may be heading your way. These weather events can bring about substantial changes in wind patterns, temperature, and precipitation, which may affect your sailing journey.

4. Evaluate sea conditions: Assessing expected sea conditions, including wave height and swell, is essential for gauging the comfort and safety of your chosen sailing route. Having this information beforehand can help you make informed decisions.

5. Consider local weather phenomena: Familiarize yourself with any weather phenomena specific to your sailing area, such as thermal winds, sea breezes, or tidal currents. These unique factors can significantly impact your overall sailing experience and should be considered in your preparations.

Allow me to recount a true story that emphasizes the significance of checking weather conditions. During the previous summer, a group of sailors failed to adequately assess the weather before setting sail. As they ventured further from the shore, an unexpected storm materialized, bringing with it powerful winds and towering waves. The sailors found themselves struggling to navigate back to safety and ultimately had to seek assistance. Fortunately, everyone was rescued, underscoring the importance of thoroughly examining weather conditions prior to embarking on any sailing expedition. Always bear in mind that your safety and the enjoyment of your sailing venture depend greatly on being well-informed about the prevailing weather conditions.

Performing Safety Checks

Performing safety checks is crucial before sailing. Be sure to follow these steps to ensure the safety of everyone on board:

1. Start by inspecting the hull thoroughly. Look for any cracks, damage, or signs of wear and tear that could compromise the boat’s structural integrity.

2. Pay close attention to the rigging, including the shrouds and stays . Check for any damage or loose connections. It’s also essential to check the rigging tension to maintain stability while sailing.

3. Carefully examine the sails for any tears, fraying, or other damage. Make sure that the battens and reef points are in place and functioning correctly.

4. Test all the safety equipment before setting sail. Check the life jackets, flares, and fire extinguishers to ensure they are up to date and in proper working condition.

5. Take a thorough look at the running rigging, including the lines, halyards, and sheets. Check for any signs of wear, knots, or tangles. It is vital to ensure they can handle the load and stress during sailing.

6. Verify that the navigation equipment, such as the compass, GPS, and depth sounder, is in good working order. Test the navigation lights to ensure they function correctly.

7. If your sailboat has an engine, conduct a comprehensive inspection. Look for any leaks, ensure there are proper fuel levels, and test the ignition and controls.

8. Double-check that all the necessary safety essentials are present on board. Make sure you have a first aid kit, a throwable flotation device, a bilge pump, and an anchor.

9. Before embarking on your voyage, review the weather forecast and any marine advisories for the sailing area. This step will help ensure that you sail in safe conditions.

By performing these safety checks, you can enjoy a worry-free and secure sailing experience.

Gathering Essential Equipment

When sailing , gathering essential equipment is crucial for safety and enjoyment.

– Life Jackets: Everyone on board needs a properly fitted life jacket.

– Navigation Tools: Bring navigation charts, compass, and a GPS device to navigate the waters.

– Sailing Apparel: Wear appropriate clothing, including waterproof jackets, pants, sailing gloves, and non-slip footwear.

– Communication Devices: Carry a marine VHF radio or a waterproof mobile phone for emergencies.

– First Aid Kit: Have a well-stocked kit with medications, bandages, antiseptic, and personal medications.

– Tool Kit: Bring basic tools like a multitool, wrench, duct tape, and spare parts for repairs or adjustments.

– Food and Water: Pack enough food and drinking water to stay hydrated and nourished.

– Safety Equipment: Ensure essential safety equipment including a fire extinguisher, flares, and a bilge pump.

– Anchoring Equipment: Have an anchor, chain, and rope to secure the sailboat.

– Emergency Preparedness: Prepare by having a float plan, informing someone of your sailing plans, and understanding emergency procedures.

In 1960 , Sir Francis Chichester completed the first solo sailing trip around the world, covering 29,630 nautical miles in nine months. His achievement inspired many sailors to embark on their own solo circumnavigations, pushing the boundaries of human endurance and maritime exploration.

Basic Sailing Techniques

Looking to sail a sailboat? In this section, we’ll dive into basic sailing techniques that will have you navigating the waters like a pro. We’ll cover everything from getting underway and steering to adjusting sails and maneuvering in different wind conditions. Get ready to set sail and discover the excitement and freedom of sailing with these essential skills.

Getting Underway

When getting underway on a sailboat journey, it is important to follow these steps for success:

1. Prepare the boat: Make sure that all equipment is securely stowed and that the boat is in proper working condition.

2. Hoist the sails: Use halyards or a winch if necessary to raise the sails. Ensure that the sails are properly unfurled and adjusted.

3. Release the mooring or anchor: Untie the lines or retrieve the anchor and stow it away. Be cautious of other boats or any potential obstacles.

4. Steer the boat: Take control of the tiller or wheel and steer the boat in the desired direction, taking into consideration wind, currents, and navigation.

5. Trim the sails: Optimize the position of the sails in relation to the wind by adjusting the sheets.

6. Monitor the surroundings: Stay alert for other boats, hazards, and any changes in weather conditions. Adjust the course if necessary.

7. Enjoy the journey: Take time to relax and appreciate the sailing experience. Take in the beauty of the water and the freedom of the open sea.

By following these steps, you can safely get underway and embark on your sailboat adventure.

Steering and Changing Direction

– Hold the tiller or wheel firmly to steer the sailboat.

– To turn the sailboat right, push the tiller or wheel left.

– To turn the sailboat left, push the tiller or wheel right.

– Use the sails to assist in changing direction by adjusting them to catch the wind from the desired direction.

– Stay aware of the wind direction and adjust your steering accordingly to maintain control.

– Practice maintaining a proper balance between the sails and the rudder for smooth and efficient steering.

True story:

I remember sailing with friends when we encountered a sudden shift in wind direction. It caught us off guard, and the sailboat veered off course. Our knowledge of steering and changing direction allowed us to quickly react. As a team, we adjusted the tiller and sails, bringing the sailboat back on track. This experience highlighted the importance of understanding effective steering and changing direction while sailing. With improved confidence, we smoothly maneuvered through the changing wind conditions during the rest of our journey.

Adjusting Sails

Adjusted sails are crucial for sailors to optimize their sailboat’s performance in different wind conditions. Adjusting sails is done by considering the following factors:

1. Sail trim: It is important to adjust the angle, tension, and shape of the sails to effectively capture the wind. Maintaining balance between the main sail and the jib or genoa is essential for achieving optimal speed and control.

2. Wind direction: Adjusting the sails according to the wind direction is necessary. Tightening the sails when sailing upwind and loosening them when sailing downwind helps in maximizing speed and efficiency.

3. Sail controls: It is essential to fine-tune the sail’s shape and position using halyards, sheets, and travelers. This allows for optimal sail performance and ensures the sailboat is responsive to changing wind conditions.

4. Crew communication: Effective communication between the helmsman and crew is vital when adjusting sails. Clear and concise instructions ensure that everyone works together to achieve the desired adjustments.

Fact: Did you know that adjusting sails can improve a sailboat’s speed by up to 20%? Mastering the art of sail adjustment is key to sailing efficiently and enjoying a smooth and exhilarating experience on the water.

Maneuvering in Different Wind Conditions

– Adjust sail trim: In different wind conditions, adjust the trim of your sails. Trim the sails in or out to optimize shape and performance based on wind direction and strength.

– Change sail shape: Sail shape plays a significant role in handling different wind conditions. To maneuver effectively, adjust the shape of your sails, such as loosening or tightening the halyard or adjusting the tension on the luff or leech of the sail.

– Use telltales: Telltales are small pieces of ribbon or yarn attached to the sails to indicate airflow. Monitoring telltales helps determine if sails are trimmed properly and if adjustments are needed to maintain maximum efficiency.

– Use different sail combinations: Depending on wind conditions, hoist different sails or use various combinations of sails. For example, in light winds, use a genoa or spinnaker to catch more breeze, while in strong winds, switch to a smaller headsail or reef the mainsail to reduce excessive power.

– Employ steering techniques: Properly steer the boat to maneuver in different wind conditions. Use techniques like weather helm or lee helm, adjust the angle of the rudder, or alter the course to optimize the boat’s performance.

Advanced Sailing Techniques

Get ready to take your sailing skills to the next level with the advanced techniques in sailboat navigation. In this section, we will explore essential practices such as sail trimming , sailing upwind and downwind , and an invaluable technique called heaving to . Discover the key insights and insider tips that will help you navigate the open waters like a true sailing pro. Let’s dive in and unlock the secrets of advanced sailing!

Sail Trimming

Sail Trimming is vital in sailing. It involves adjusting the sails to optimize performance and maintain control of the sailboat. Consider these points for sail trimming:

1. Understanding sail trim: Proper sail trim improves a sailboat’s speed, efficiency, and maneuverability. Adjust the sails’ shape and angle to the wind to maximize power and minimize drag.

2. Maintaining the correct sail shape: Sail shape affects performance. The main sail should be curved , while the jib should be flatter . Adjusting the tension on sail controls, like halyards and sheets, helps achieve the desired shape.

3. Optimizing sail angle: The angle at which the sails are set in relation to the wind is important. Opening the sails slightly away from the centerline of the boat maintains airflow and prevents stalling.

4. Adapting to wind conditions: Sail trim varies with wind strength and direction. Looser sails maximize surface area in lighter winds for better power. Tightening the sails in stronger winds reduces surface area and prevents overpowering.

5. Fine-tuning with sail controls: Use cunningham, boom vang, and outhaul to further refine the sail shape and control tension. These adjustments optimize the sail’s performance in different wind conditions.

6. Observing tell-tales: Tell-tales indicate airflow across the sail’s surface. Monitor their movement and adjust sail trim accordingly to maintain optimal airflow and performance.

7. Regularly reassessing sail trim: Sail trim is an ongoing process. Continuously monitor the sails, observe their performance, and make necessary adjustments during your sail.

By understanding and practicing sail trimming techniques, sailors can improve their skills, enhance boat performance, and have a more enjoyable experience.

Sailing Upwind and Downwind

When participating in the activity of sailing, it is crucial to have a good grasp of the methods used for sailing upwind and downwind. Sailing upwind, which is also referred to as beating or tacking , entails maneuvering the boat away from the wind in order to catch it and propel the boat forward. This involves the constant adjustment of the boat’s direction by turning against the wind.

On the contrary, sailing downwind, also known as running or jibing , involves sailing with the wind at your back, allowing the sails to be let out to capture as much wind as possible, thus propelling the boat forward.

Different sail adjustments and sailing techniques are required for sailing upwind and downwind. When sailing upwind, it is necessary to tighten the sails in order to keep them flat against the wind. This ensures that the boat maintains its course and makes progress against the wind. Conversely, when sailing downwind, it is important to loosen the sails to catch the wind more fully, providing increased speed and stability.

Sailing upwind and downwind are essential skills in the realm of sailing, and mastering these techniques is vital for any sailor. Whether one is engaging in racing or leisurely sailing, having a solid understanding of how to navigate and make sail adjustments based on the wind direction significantly enhances the overall sailing experience.

It is a known fact that sailing upwind is typically slower than sailing downwind, as it presents the added challenge of navigating against the wind.

When sailing, the technique of “ heaving to ” can be very useful in certain situations. It helps a sailor control their boat while remaining stationary. Here are the steps to heaving to :

• Release the mainsail sheet to luff the sail.
• Turn the helm towards the wind to bring the boat head to wind .
• Secure the helm by using a tiller tamer or lashing it in the desired position.
• Backwind the jib slightly by adjusting the headsail or jib sheet.
• Find a balance between the helm and headsail that keeps the boat stable with slow forward motion.

Heaving to has various applications, such as taking a break, waiting for daylight, or in heavy weather conditions. It allows the boat to maintain position without continuous steering, making it easier to attend to other tasks or rest. It’s important to note that heaving to may not be suitable for all boats or circumstances, so practicing and understanding the technique of heaving to is essential.

Safety and Emergency Procedures

When it comes to sailing a sailboat, safety should always be a top priority. In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the essential safety and emergency procedures every sailor should know. From mastering the techniques of man overboard recovery to handling a capsized boat and navigating unexpected weather changes, we’ll equip you with the knowledge and skills to ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience. So, let’s dive in and explore the vital procedures that will keep you prepared for any situation on the open water.

Man Overboard Recovery

In 1986, during the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, a man overboard recovery took place.

Crew member John Bennetto fell overboard in treacherous conditions.

The crew of the yacht Unicef followed the steps mentioned above and successfully saved Bennetto’s life.

This incident emphasized the importance of preparedness and quick thinking in man overboard situations.

It serves as a reminder for sailors to prioritize safety and regularly practice man overboard drills for everyone’s well-being on board.

Capsizing and Righting the Boat

If a sailboat capsizes, it is important to stay calm and hold onto the boat.

It is crucial to ensure that everyone on board is wearing a life jacket for their safety.

In the event of a capsizing, you can signal for help by either yelling or using a whistle .

It is also essential to assess the situation and determine if it is possible to right the boat yourself.

If it is safe to do so, attempt to climb onto the hull of the capsized boat.

To try and right the boat, grab onto the centerboard or keel and push upwards.

In case the boat does not right itself, you can try rocking it back and forth to gain momentum .

If all attempts fail, it may be necessary to abandon the boat and seek assistance.

On the other hand, if the boat does right itself, climb back on board and carefully bail out any water.

It is always a good idea to check for any damage to the rigging or sails before resuming sailing.

Remember that practicing capsizing and righting a boat in a controlled environment with an experienced instructor can help you feel more confident and prepared for such situations.

Dealing with Unexpected Weather Changes

Dealing with unexpected weather changes is crucial for sailors. Responding effectively to changing conditions ensures a safe and enjoyable sailing experience. Here are key strategies to keep in mind:

1. Stay alert: Always be aware of weather conditions while sailing. Pay attention to signs of changes in wind speed or direction, cloud formations, shifts in temperature, and sudden changes in wave patterns.

2. Monitor weather forecasts: Check the latest weather forecasts before setting sail. This informs you about what to expect and helps in making informed decisions about when to go out and which routes to take.

3. Have a plan: Develop a contingency plan in case the weather becomes unfavorable. Consider alternative routes, safe harbors, or anchorages for seeking shelter if needed.

4. Reef the sails: If winds suddenly pick up or become gusty, reef the sails to maintain control of the boat and prevent overpowering. Practice reefing techniques beforehand to be prepared.

5. Adjust course: Be ready to adjust your course if unexpected weather changes occur. This may involve altering your intended destination or finding a more favorable angle to the wind.

6. Keep communication open: Maintain regular communication with your crew and other boats in the area. Share information about changing weather conditions and potential hazards you encounter.

Remember, sailing in unpredictable weather can be challenging and potentially dangerous. Prioritize safety and be prepared to respond quickly and effectively to any unexpected weather changes.

Some Facts About How To Sail A Sailboat:

• ✅ Sailing a boat is a combination of art and skill, relying on the sailor’s feel and the forces of wind and water. (Source: ASA)
• ✅ There are several ways to get started with learning how to sail a boat, including taking a formal course at a sailing school or using online resources like the free ASA sailing course and Sailing Challenge App. (Source: ASA)
• ✅ Familiarizing yourself with the language of sailing, including sailing terms and points of sail, is important for effective communication and navigation while sailing. (Source: ASA)
• ✅ Understanding the different parts of a sailboat, such as the mast, sails, keel, rudder, and lines, is necessary for preparing a sailboat for sailing. (Source: WikiHow)
• ✅ Safety is a crucial aspect of sailing, and it is recommended to have an experienced sailor show you the rigging and sails before venturing out on your own. (Source: WikiHow)

Frequently Asked Questions

Faq 1: what are the different ways to learn how to sail a sailboat.

There are multiple ways to learn how to sail a sailboat. You can jump in a boat with a friend, take a formal course at a sailing school, or learn on your own with a small sailboat.

FAQ 2: What are the basic steps involved in sailing a sailboat?

The basic steps of sailing involve gaining specific knowledge and skills. This includes understanding basic sailing terms, familiarizing yourself with the parts of the boat, rigging the boat, learning basic sailing techniques, maneuvering the boat, docking or anchoring, utilizing various equipment, and tying knots.

FAQ 3: Where can I find resources to learn how to sail a sailboat?

There are several resources available to help beginners learn how to sail a sailboat. You can take advantage of online courses provided by organizations like the American Sailing Association (ASA). ASA also offers the Sailing Challenge App, which allows users to virtually sail their own vessel while learning basic sailing principles. Another option is to find a sailing school near you and enroll in a beginning sailing course, such as ASA 101.

FAQ 4: What are some important sailing techniques and practices to learn?

Some important sailing techniques and practices to learn include setting the mainsail and jib correctly for steering the boat and gaining speed, changing tacks by either “coming about” or jibing, steering from the windward side of the tiller or wheel for better visibility, understanding the correct trim of the sails using telltales, and following sailing rules of the road such as giving way to less maneuverable boats and boats on starboard tack.

FAQ 5: How can I improve my sailing skills?

Practice and experience are important for honing sailing skills in different conditions. It is recommended to continue learning and expanding your knowledge through resources like books, courses, and lessons. Seeking guidance from experienced sailors or instructors can also help improve your skills. Being part of the sailing community and participating in sailing events or club activities can provide valuable opportunities to learn and grow as a sailor.

FAQ 6: What are some important safety considerations when sailing a sailboat?

Safety is emphasized throughout the sailing process. It is important to wear appropriate clothing, apply sunscreen, and consider medication for motion sickness. When boarding a boat, finding stability and using handholds for support is crucial. The skipper should take charge and assign tasks before getting underway. Following safety guidelines, having proper equipment on board, and being knowledgeable about sailing safety can ensure a fun and secure sailing experience.

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Faqs about sailing.

What are the common sailing terms I should know?

Brush up on basic sailing terms like port, starboard, bow, stern, tacking, jibing, and points of sail.

Can I sail a yacht alone or do I need a crew?

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Is sailing a yacht physically demanding?

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How to Sail: The Ultimate Sailing Guide for Beginners

Learning to sail can seem like a daunting process. Besides just learning how to sail a boat, the terminology of boating is completely different, and most of what needs to be learned can only be acquired by doing, meaning practice is required. But before you head out on the water, you can increase your knowledge by reading up on sailing , which will further help to keep you safe while on your boat. Discover our ultimate sailing guide for beginners !

(Guide via Jen Reviews )

Sailing Defined

Sailing is the art of taking a boat, turning off the motor, and harnessing the power of the wind to make the boat go where you want it to go. It might seem difficult, but it is really very simple, provided you take the time to understand how the boat utilizes the power of the wind. More than likely your boat will also have a motor (for times when there is no wind), but we will mainly focus on the actual process of sailing, and how that can be achieved.

Before you leave the dock

Before you head out on your own boat (or before you go to purchase a boat), search online and find the nearest sailing school or yacht club. You can find the local sailing school where you can take one on one sailing lessons, or even take an instructor out on your boat to show you the ropes, and how to safely sail. There are also free classes you can take online, which can better prepare you for learning the basics of sailing.

Make sure and check the weather before heading out. If there is a storm headed your way, or in the direction you want to go, it might be prudent to wait a few days until calmer weather is in the forecast. It also can be quite boring to head out on the water if there is no wind, as you will be forced to motor the entire time.

Dress for the weather, but be sure and bring lots of layers. Even if it’s hot out, while out on the water there is nothing to shield the wind, so it might seem colder than on land. Always have a jacket , hat, sunscreen, long pants and or shorts, shoes, and bring lots of water and snacks. Better to be over prepared than under prepared.

Make a Checklist

Make a checklist for necessary equipment you will want to bring with you on the boat (or even things that are US Coast Guard required). This could include items such as:

• Life Jackets
• Drinking water and snacks
• Sunglasses, hat, jackets, extra clothing
• Engine fuel and spare parts
• Chart ( handheld GPS as well)
• Bucket (can be used to bail water, clean off the boat, or as a restroom if need be)
• USCG required equipment for the boat
• Sound signals (whistle or fog horn)
• Fire extinguisher
• Visual distress signals (flares or flashlight at night )
• Navigation lights (required at night, or if visibility is reduced)
• Anchor and chain/line
• Extra line (mooring or various other uses)
• Fenders (Plastic hard ‘balloons’ that keep your boat from bumping on the dock)
• VHF radio and cellphone
• First-Aid Kit and booklet
• Tool Kit and Knife
• Lifesling or throwable buoy
• Radar reflector
• Ditch kit (full of life saving necessities in case you have to abandon ship)
• Life raft of some sort (depending on where you are sailing, and the size of your vessel)

These are all useful and necessary items to have stocked on your boat: some are required by the Coast Guard , and some are just common sense. It might also be helpful to bring a sailing buddy when you head out, to assist with docking, hoisting the sails, or just giving a second opinion in case something should occur.

Know your boat

Before heading out on the water, make sure and inspect as much of your boat as you can: understand where the lines (ropes) are going, how the sails are hoisted (lifted) and lowered, and where the safe places to walk or sit will be once you are out on the water. This article will discuss the basic terminology (with important words defined in bold), and try to explain as much as you need to know about the basic parts of your sailboat.

Let’s start with the simple terminology first .

When you get on your boat, and are facing towards the front of the boat, that would be forward, with everything behind you being aft. The very front of the boat is the bow, with the aft part of your boat called the stern. The left of the boat is the port side (think left and port both having four letters), with the right side being the starboard side. That seems simple, right? So let’s keep going.

The mast is the vertical pole that supports the sail. If you only have one big sail, there will only be one mast. Some boats have more than one mast, but sailboats always have at least one. The horizontal pole that comes off the bottom part of the mast is called the boom (which is also the sound it makes when it hits you in your head… be careful of this one!).

The tiller is a horizontal lever arm that turns the rudder (steers the boat), and is either by itself or is attached to the wheel, which is what you use to steer the boat. Standing in the boat you will be on the deck, but if you go inside the boat you will be below-deck. The sides of the boat are called the hull, and the draft is the distance from the surface of the water to the deepest part of the boat underwater (important to know if you don’t want to run aground).

The lines that hold up the mast on the starboard and port sides up to the top of the mast are called the shrouds, while the wire that runs from the mast to the stern is called the backstay, and the wire that runs from the mast to the bow is the forestay (also called the headstay). The beam is the width at the widest point of your boat, and the total length overall is the horizontal length from the tip of the stern to the tip of the bow (necessary to know depending on where you want to dock or store your boat).

It may seem like quite a few terms to know, but while being on a sailboat everything is called something different. But we are only concerned with the most important terms at the moment.

When you start putting up a sail, you will be pulling on a halyard . If you are putting up the mainsail (largest sail that is attached to the mast), you will be pulling on the main halyard. To let the sail move towards the starboard or port side of the boat, you will let out the main sheet (line that is attached to the bottom aft section of each sail, which moves it side to side). You may need to use a winch, which is a round drum that increases your power capabilities to pull on a line (rope).

Sailing Nandji Ep 349 IS THIS PLACE EVEN REAL???

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A Beginner's Guide to Sailing a Sailboat

Key Information for Beginners and Sailors

There are many ways to learn to sail:

• You can just jump in a boat with a friend and try to learn from experience
• You can sign up for a formal course at a sailing school
• You can buy or borrow a small sailboat and do it all on your own

No matter which way works best for you, it helps to understand the boat and what's involved in sailing first before you're out on the water, where suddenly you might get into trouble.

The Basic Steps of Sailing

Sailing involves both specific knowledge and skills. The following are the basic steps of learning to sail- as much as you can learn while not actually on a boat. You don't have to follow this order; skip ahead if you already know some of the basics. If you're mostly new to sailing, you might want to proceed through these steps like chapters in a manual.

• Understand Basic Sailing Terms. To get into sailing, you have to understand the words that are used to talk about the sailboat and the skills used to sail. Start here with a review of basic sailing terms. Don't worry about memorizing everything as many of these terms and concepts will become clearer as you read on about how to do it.
• Learn the Parts of the Boat. Before you go on the boat, it's helpful to know the words used in different parts of the boat. Even if you have an instructor, he or she won't say "Grab that rope over there and pull it," but instead will say "Haul in the jib sheet!" Review the basic boat terms you'll need to know.
• Start an Online Course. Now you're ready to learn more about what all those parts of the boat are used for. Here you can start an online learn-to-sail course by learning more about the parts of the boat along with a lot of photos, so you'll see what to do.
• Rig the Boat. Read to go sailing now? Hold it a minute- you have to rig the boat first by putting on sails and making other preparations. Here again are a lot of photos of what to do on a typical small sailboat used by beginners.
• Review Basic Sailing Techniques. OK, now you have the boat ready- so what do you do now to make it go? Manage the sails to go in the direction you want by learning basic sailing techniques.
• Discover How to Maneuver. Sailing in a set direction is reasonably easy, but eventually, you'll have to change direction. That often involves tacking and gybing. Take a moment to learn what's involved in these critical maneuvers.
• Recover From a Capsize. Now you've got the basics down. But did anyone ever tell you that small sailboats often tip over if the wind is gusting? Be prepared and carefully see how to recover from a capsize .
• Dock or Anchor the Boat. Now you're out there sailing and you've got the boat under control. Learn how to go faster, dock or anchor the boat and use some of the equipment you've ignored so far. Take a look at some of these additional sailing skills.
• Practice Tying Knots.  For thousands of years, sailors have used times where it is cold or raining by doing things like tying knots. Knots are important on a sailboat and you will need to learn at least some basic sailing knots to sail at all.
• Sail Safely. At this point, plus practice on the water, you're good to go. However, it's good to remember that water is a dangerous place. Learn the basics about sailing safety. Staying safe makes it easier to keep having fun out there.

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Boat Sailor

How to sail a boat: a beginner’s guide.

Sailing a boat is a thrilling and adventurous activity that allows you to connect with nature and harness the power of the wind. As a passionate sailor, I have spent countless hours navigating the open waters and honing my sailing skills. In this comprehensive guide, I will share my knowledge and provide you with valuable insights on how to sail a boat, whether you’re a beginner or looking to improve your sailing techniques.

Getting Started

Choosing the right boat.

Before you set sail, it’s crucial to select the right boat that suits your needs and experience level. Factors to consider include boat type, size, and whether you prefer a monohull or a catamaran. Beginners often find smaller boats easier to handle.

Safety First: Essential Gear and Precautions

Understanding the Basics

Parts of a sailboat.

To sail effectively, you must know your boat inside out. Learn the names and functions of essential components such as the mast, boom, mainsail, jib, and rudder. Understanding your boat’s anatomy will make handling it much easier.

Wind Direction and Sail Trim

One of the fundamental principles of sailing is harnessing the power of the wind. Grasp the concept of wind direction and how to adjust your sails accordingly for optimal performance. Proper sail trim is key to sailing efficiently.

Setting Sail

Preparing the boat.

Before setting sail, inspect your boat for any issues or malfunctions. Check the rigging, lines, and sails for wear and tear. Ensure everything is in working order to avoid surprises on the water.

Hoisting the Sails

Learn how to hoist your sails properly. Each sail has a specific procedure for raising it, and knowing these steps is crucial for a successful journey. Take your time to practice until you can do it with confidence.

Steering and Navigation

Using the tiller or wheel.

Steering a boat may seem simple, but it requires finesse. Understand how to use the tiller or wheel to control the direction of your vessel. Practice maintaining a steady course to avoid oversteering.

Navigating with Charts and GPS

Sailing Techniques

Tacking and jibing.

Changing direction while sailing involves two primary maneuvers: tacking and jibing. Master these techniques to navigate efficiently and safely. Tacking involves turning your boat into the wind, while jibing involves turning away from the wind.

Upwind and Downwind Sailing

Understanding the difference between upwind and downwind sailing is essential. Learn how to adjust your sails and trim for optimal performance in each situation. Upwind sailing requires a different approach than downwind sailing.

Handling Wind and Weather

Reading the wind.

To become a skilled sailor, you must develop the ability to read the wind. Pay attention to wind indicators on your boat and the behavior of the water. Understanding wind patterns is essential for successful sailing.

Dealing with Changing Weather Conditions

Weather can be unpredictable, and sailors must be prepared to adapt. Learn how to respond to changing weather conditions, including sudden storms and shifting winds. Safety should always be your top concern.

Anchoring and Mooring

Dropping anchor.

Anchoring is a skill every sailor should master. Learn how to choose the right anchor for your boat and how to drop it securely. Anchoring allows you to rest, swim, or explore when you’re not under sail.

Tying Up at a Dock

Docking can be challenging, especially in tight spaces or strong currents. Practice your docking skills to avoid collisions and ensure a smooth arrival at your destination.

Maneuvering in Tight Spaces

Docking techniques.

Docking in crowded marinas or tight spots can be nerve-wracking. Learn techniques such as spring lines, bow thrusters, and pivot points to maneuver your boat gracefully in confined spaces.

Avoiding Collisions

Safety on the water includes avoiding collisions with other boats, structures, or underwater hazards. Understand the right-of-way rules and maintain situational awareness to prevent accidents.

Safety on the Water

Man overboard drills.

In emergencies, knowing how to perform a man overboard rescue is crucial. Practice man overboard drills with your crew to ensure a quick and effective response in case someone falls overboard.

First Aid and Emergency Procedures

Be prepared for medical emergencies by having a well-stocked first-aid kit on board. Learn basic first-aid procedures and emergency communication methods to handle unexpected situations.

Maintenance and Care

Cleaning and maintaining your boat.

Proper maintenance ensures your boat stays in top condition. Regularly clean and inspect your boat, including the hull, rigging, and engine, to prevent wear and damage.

Winterizing Your Sailboat

If you live in a region with cold winters, learn how to winterize your sailboat to protect it from freezing temperatures and ice. Proper winterization is essential for preserving your boat.

Improving Your Skills

Sailing courses and resources.

Continuous learning is key to becoming a proficient sailor. Consider enrolling in sailing courses, reading books, and watching instructional videos to enhance your skills.

Practicing Seamanship

Experience is the best teacher in sailing. Spend as much time as possible on the water to refine your seamanship skills. Practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to take your boat out frequently.

Sailing Etiquette

Right of way rules.

Understanding right-of-way rules is crucial for safe and respectful sailing. Always yield to vessels with the right of way and follow established maritime etiquette.

Respecting the Environment

Sailors should be stewards of the sea. Dispose of trash properly, avoid disturbing marine life, and be mindful of the environmental impact of your activities.

Enjoying the Journey

Sailing is not just about reaching a destination; it’s about enjoying the journey. Explore different sailing destinations, immerse yourself in the beauty of nature, and create lasting memories with your fellow sailors.

Sailing a boat is a remarkable experience that offers a sense of freedom, adventure, and connection with nature. By following the steps and tips outlined in this guide, you can embark on a rewarding journey to becoming a skilled sailor. So hoist your sails, catch the wind, and let the open waters lead you to new horizons.

How long does it take to learn how to sail a boat?

Learning to sail varies from person to person, but with consistent practice, you can acquire basic sailing skills in a few weeks. Mastery comes with time and experience.

What’s the best way to prepare for sailing in rough weather?

Check weather forecasts before sailing, have appropriate safety gear, and be prepared to reef your sails (reduce their size) to handle strong winds. It’s also wise to stay informed about changing weather conditions while on the water.

Can I sail alone as a beginner?

It’s advisable for beginners to sail with experienced sailors or take sailing courses to build confidence and knowledge. Solo sailing is best attempted after gaining experience.

Are there any age restrictions for learning to sail?

There are no strict age restrictions for learning to sail, but children should be supervised, and some courses may have minimum age requirements. Sailing is a sport suitable for people of all ages.

What are some must-have items to keep on board while sailing?

Essential items include life jackets, a first-aid kit, a VHF radio, a navigation chart or GPS device, spare lines, and a basic tool kit. Always ensure you have enough drinking water and snacks on board as well.

Michael Thompson

Embarking on a lifelong love affair with the sea, I found solace and exhilaration in the art of sailing. From navigating treacherous waters to harnessing the wind's untamed power, my passion has evolved into a mission to inspire others. Join me on a voyage of discovery as we explore the vast horizons of sailing's timeless allure.

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How To Get Started in Sailing

One of the world’s ­oldest sports is more approachable than you might think.

I grew up in San Diego, and I feel about sailing the way surfers talk about surfing. “Just out there with the waves, man . . .” I actually live on a boat. Sailing is especially exciting for first-­timers. One of the coolest things is sailing upwind, even just around the bay. You’re going to feel the wind on your face, you’re going to hear the sail. A big boat comes by, and there’s a wake. You hear the waves splashing and feel the boat heel to one side. All of a sudden a couple dolphins pop out of the water.

And all this stuff is sensory information that helps you determine what to do. The sound of the sail tells you if it’s luffing, if it’s not trimmed properly. The way the water moves foretells a coming shift of the wind. That’s what’s special about sailing: The connection you make with nature is a consequence of your making the boat move. Sometimes, when you’ve got everything perfect, it goes quiet, and all you can hear is the hull going through the water and the breeze pushing past you.

It’s primal. Spiritual, even. Just out there with the waves, man.

Find a Place To Learn

Between the American Sailing Association and U.S. Sailing, the two main certifying bodies, there are a few hundred sailing schools around the country—even in unexpected places like Oklahoma and Arizona. Beginner’s courses often last two days, so you can find weekend packages. Expect to pay about $500 per person. At higher levels U.S. Sailing emphasizes racing and the ASA pleasure boating, but introductory classes are more or less the same.

Understand What’s Happening

Sailing is rich with jargon, tradition, and lore. You’ll better absorb the complexities if you know the basics ahead of time.

How wind moves a boat: A sail full of wind forms an airfoil and propels the boat with lift, the way a plane’s wing does (except across water, rather than into the air). The work of sailing is to position, or trim, the sails to maximize lift in the direction you want to go.

Once you’ve raised the sails using the lines—never say “ropes”—called halyards (A), they’re trimmed using the sheets (D), which pivot the boom (E) between the port and starboard—that is, left and right—sides of the boat. On a two-sail boat like this one (called a sloop), the emphasis is on the mainsail (B), the sail nearer the stern (H), which is the rearmost or aft part of the boat. The smaller jib (C), nearer the bow (F), at the fore, also pivots—but as a new sailor you’ll be focused on the mainsail.

The basic idea: You use the tiller (G) to move the rudder (I) and angle the boat so that it is perpendicular to the wind. Use the sheets to angle the mainsail so it fills with wind. In the bowing airfoil shape, air moving over the longer, curved side moves faster than air flowing by the other side, generating lift.

"Tying Off" a "Line"

At some point you’ll be asked to secure a line to a cleat. Here’s how, using a simple knot called a cleat hitch.

• Starting with the horn farthest from the load, wrap the line around both horns. (Only once—more increases the odds of jamming.)
• Make at least two figure-eight turns around the cleat.
• Secure the free end of the line by tucking it under the last turn.

Get Equipped

Any skipper taking you out for a lesson will have safety equipment and navigation hardware. Your main job is to dress for the occasion. So: Picture a sailor in your mind—then don’t dress like that. You don’t need a cable-knit sweater and pipe. Check the forecast and wear the layers you’d wear on land—plus make sure to have these four things.

Columbia Force 12 PFG Shoes

Two requirements for deck shoes: They must be grippy and non-marking. With a Vibram Wavegrip sole, the Columbia Men’s Force 12 PFGs meet both and offer a third advantage: They look great.

Costa Del Mar Polarized Rectangular Sunglasses

Polarized sunglasses cut glare so you can see how the water is moving, helping you read the wind. Costa’s optics are second to none. We recommend its Slack Tide shades with mirror lenses, which increase contrast between subtle changes in water conditions.

Showa Atlas 300 Rubber Gloves

Expensive sailing gloves can push $50. Showa Atlas 300 heavy-duty gloves are around $25...for a 12-pack. They work just as well, and if you want your fingertips exposed (to improve dexterity), you won’t feel bad taking a ­scissor to ’em.

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The logbook is where you keep track of the classes you’ve completed and the hours you spend on the water. If you ever want to charter a boat or become an instructor, it’s a handy way to demonstrate experience. And even if you don’t, keeping a tangible record of accomplishments is an underrated pleasure.

Helly-Hansen HP Fjord Jacket

A layer that can stand up to wind is non-­negotiable. Helly Hansen’s HP Fjord is an excellent barrier to both wind and water, and there’s just enough heft to it to offer a little warmth, too.

Should You Buy a Boat?

Actually, yes. If you’ve caught the bug, a good entry point to boat ownership is a Sunfish, a 14-foot dinghy with a single sail. New, a Sunfish can be had for about $4,500, but they’ve been around since the early 1950s—with several hundred thousand in existence, there’s at least a couple out there in decent shape at a much lower price.

FAQ for the First-Time Sailor

What if there’s a gust of wind will the boat capsize.

When there’s a big gust, you simply turn into the wind, which stops the boat. And luckily, the heavy ballast below a keelboat’s hull makes them pretty hard to capsize. So while a strong gust may cause the boat to heel, or lean, you’ll be fine.

Will I get seasick?

You might—though while ­learning, you’ll be close to shore, and being able to see land generally helps. If you’re about to vomit, for the benefit of all involved, head to the ­leeward side of the boat.

If I fall overboard, can the boat make it back to me in time to save me?

Make it known that you’ve hit the water and someone will toss you a flotation device (if you aren’t already wearing one). Then, it’s going to briefly look like the boat is sailing away. Don’t freak out. It just takes time to turn a sailboat around.

How hard is it to work the sails?

Wind-filled sails can take serious strength to manage, but tools like pulleys and winches give sailors a mechanical advantage. As a casual pursuit, anyone can sail. (Racing is another matter.)

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How To Sail a Boat

By: Zeke Quezada, ASA Learn To Sail

There is a cloak of mystery that surrounds sailing. You might be on a picturesque beach and you see a sailboat off in the distance or you might be in a marina and you notice how the wind gently moves a schooner across the water. It makes you wonder, How To Sail A Boat?

Sailing a boat is part art and part skill but few activities offer such a variety of pleasures as sailing. Something special occurs when you cast off the lines and leave your cares at the dock. While technology dictates so much of our lives these days, sailing is still fundamentally the same as it always has been. You, the sailor, relying on your feel and mother nature helping you along with wind and water. Sailing a boat is easier than you think.

While you are fantasizing about sailing the seven seas in your own private yacht, getting over the initial hurdle of learning how to sail a boat is as easy as taking a lesson or doing a little research.

What You Will Learn in ASA 101

ASA Can Quickly Get You Started on How to Sail a Boat :

• Take our free online sailing course – it’s easy and fun and you’ll learn all about the world of sailing, one that some see as a sport and others choose as a lifestyle.
• Download the ASA Sailing Challenge App and you’ll be on a virtual boat sailing your own vessel almost instantaneously. While playing a simple game you’ll learn some basic principles required to learn the art of sailing. Can you learn how to sail a boat from an app? Well, yes and no.
• Find a sailing school near you and take a beginning sailing course. ASA 101 teaches you the basics of sailing and gets you well on your way to sailing your own boat.

What Else Will You Need to Know to Sail a Boat?

The Language of Sailing You should know a few sailing terms so bone up on the language of sailing with these sailing terms that everyone should know . You will now refer to things as being on the port side and you’ll question if that rope is really a rope or if it is a line. The language of sailing is your calling card into the sailing club!

The Points of Sail You’ll need to know where you will be going so use our handy quick guide to the Points of Sail.

Learning the points of sail, and how the sails look and the boat feels on each one, is fundamental to becoming a competent sailor.

Some Handy Tips for The Beginning Sailor You can take a look at some of these beginner tips on how to sail a boat from Sailing Made Easy, The Official Manual for the ASA Basic Keelboat Sailing Course.

Tie a Knot Every sailor knows how to tie a few knots so learning a few should be on your “How To Sail a Boat” checklist. Take a look at our Knots Made Easy videos to learn some basic knots that all sailors use.

Bite-Sized Lessons Scroll through our bite-sized lessons to give you a better understanding of some of the other skills and terms that you might utilize as you learn to sail a boat.

Keen to get started?

• Take our free online sailing course – it’s easy and fun and you’ll learn all about the world of sailing, one that some see as a sport and others choose as a lifestyle.
• Read about our ASA Certifications our accredited schools teach to sailing enthusiasts.
• Find a Sailing School and take sailing lessons to improve your sailing skills.

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How To Learn To Sail: Ultimate Step-By-Step Guide

Getting into sailing can seem daunting. When I first got interested, I was completely overwhelmed by all the skills, conflicting information, - and man oh man - all those insider terms. If you don't know where to start, it can be very confusing.

How to learn to sail? When first starting out, you want to gain some experience on the water, learn basic sail trim and navigation, and learn the basic safety rules. You can learn this by taking online courses, and by taking sailing lessons. With the right approach, you could get up to speed in a couple of months and for as little as $500.

Learning from my own experience, I wanted to create a very easy-to-understand guide which walks you through everything you'll need to know and learn when first starting out. In this guide, I'll walk you through all the different aspects of sailing: what to expect (ie. costs), what skills you'll need and how to learn those, and what knowledge you'll need and where to find it.

Spoiler : it's cheaper and easier to learn than you would expect.

Over the last few years, I have written on a lot of different aspects of getting into sailing. Throughout this guide, I will regularly refer to specific articles where you can learn more on a specific topic. This guide is a jumping-off point you can use to quickly get up to speed, and dive in deeper on a particular topic whenever you feel like it.

As a result, it is a long article with lots of information; it may be too much to read all in one sitting. The upside is: it's all here. I recommend bookmarking this article and coming back to it every now and then and pick up where you've left. Let's get started.

On this page:

How to get into sailing, myths that could be holding you back, how to get started, skills you need to learn to sail, things you'll need, in conclusion.

Sailing is both a practical and theoretical skill. You really should gain real-life experience, but you can also learn a lot of essential skills by reading up on them. Let me quickly walk you through my recommendation of how to getting into sailing.

7 easy steps to get into sailing:

• Focus on learning the theory first, focus on practice second
• The essential sailing skills are sail trim, navigation, and boat safety
• Start out using (free) online resources or Sailaway simulator
• After that, gain experience by taking at least a couple of sailing lessons
• To cut cost, you could also crew for an experienced captain instead
• Get your boater's license if necessary
• Hire a boat at first to cut cost and figure out what you like

By first focusing on the theory, which you can mostly do using free resources (and this website), you save on those valuable sailing lessons.

I'll break down all of these steps later. But now, we first have to talk about some common misconceptions about sailing, what it costs, and how long it takes before you sail your first boat by yourself. It's sooner than you might think.

Sailing is known to be an elite sport that costs way too much money. It's hard to learn, expensive to do, and you need all kinds of special knowledge - right? Well, all of those things can absolutely be true, if you want them to be. But sailing has always been one of the cheapest ways of transportation and can be quite easy to learn. I had a ton of those common misconceptions myself, and they were keeping me back. Maybe some of those are holding you back too?

Let me tell you some secrets that will probably change the way you think about the timeline of your sailing dream.

Sailing can be an affordable hobby

• A realistic budget for beginner sailors is $100 - $300 per month
• If you want to, you can get a decent education for as little as $500
• A decent beginner sailboat can cost between $200 - $2,000

In order to sail, you need some things that potentially cost a lot of money:

• a sailboat (preferably a 52' superyacht, right?)
• sailing lessons (and probably tons of them, right?)
• speciality gear like navigation equipment (you can't use regular water bottles, right?)

I say potentially because it really doesn't have to be that way. Sailing can be a normal hobby for regular people that have normal budgets.

Sure, you can spend tons of money on gear and lessons, as with any hobby. You can get yourself special sailing water bottles that provide more optimal water disposal flow in marine environments. You can buy a world-cruising yacht. But let's be fair: you don't own a plane (if you do, call me), yet you are able to fly to nearly every place on Earth if you want to. If you prioritize, you actually don't need all that much gear ór lessons.

In most states and countries, you actually don't even need an official education in order to sail smaller boats. I do recommend getting some training in advance. But you can really get a super decent training and tons of experience on just a $500 budget .

Want to get into sailing on a budget? I've written a detailed guide on how to learn the most important sailing skills on less than $500 . There are tips in there that cost absolutely nothing and are very good first steps.

9 Ways to Learn to Sail for (Practically) Free

A realistic starting budget is $100 - $300.

I've done research on the costs of all different aspects of sailing and I was surprised by the results. You could sail on any budget really, depending on how creative you want to get. $0 is possible but it takes work, patience, and luck. For most people, a realistic budget to get started is between $100 - $300 per month. That will allow you to hire a boat a couple of days per month, get some training, buy some gear, and eventually buy your first sailboat.

There are affordable beginner sailboats out there

Buying a boat will always cost money, but there are so many second-hand sailboats you can always find a decent deal, or even a free learning boat, as long as you don't immediately want to go out and get yourself a yacht.

In fact, you probably want to consider buying a very small beginner laser to start out. The smaller the boat, the faster you'll learn. Small, light sailboats give you faster and more precise feedback on what you do. And small lasers are pretty inexpensive. You can get good second-hand deals for just a couple of hundred bucks. This also means you can put them on a trailer and store them at home. Saves additional cost. Larger sailboats (22ft and up) get very expensive very quickly, though.

The Average Cost of Buying & Owning a Sailboat I have compared thousands of sailboat prices, and the cost of ownership. In this guide, we'll go over every dollar it will cost to own a boat . If you are unsure what it costs to buy and own a boat (and what's possible on your budget), this is a great resource for you.

But there's more cash-saving good news: you don't necessarily need to own a boat to get started.

You don't need to own a boat to get started

Hiring a boat is pretty straightforward nowadays, and more and more private owners are renting out there boat for fair prices on platforms like Boatsetter (Airbnb for boats). So when first starting out, I recommend renting a sailboat for a couple of weekends first, which should get you a good feel for the whole thing.

You can set sail within a couple of months

Learning to sail can take anywhere between 50 - 500 hours, depending on what level of skill you require. Coastal sailing and ocean passages require a lot more knowledge and experience. In contrast, you can learn to sail your recreational lake in light winds pretty quickly.

You can get started today

It's okay to not be the best sailor straight away. As with any skill worth learning, it's worth doing badly at first. As long as you don't get in anybody's way and stay safe, you can try and fail all you want. That's great because it means you can start today. You don't need hundreds of lessons before setting out on your own.

Some people like to pretend sailing is some mysterious superpower. Sure, doing something really well is always hard, and so is sailing really well. But in the end, we're just catching wind with a piece of cloth. Let's not make it harder than it is.

You probably don't even need a license

In some states, you don't need any licenses in order to sail your boat in inland waters. Most states only require you to take a short boater safety exam, which you can do online for roughly $50. After that, you're officially good to go. If you don't require to get a safety license, I still recommend getting one. It's so cheap and easy to get, and it's better to be safe than sorry.

I do recommend getting some basic training before hitting the waters, as operating a boat can be nerve-racking if you're new, and it's just safer if you know the basic rules of the road. More on how to do that later.

For coastal and international waters, you do need multiple licenses, which will take money and time to pass. But when first starting out, you probably want to gain a lot of experience on small bodies of water first.

Okay, so apparently you don't need a huge budget, you don't need dozens of licenses, and you don't need hundreds of lessons before sailing your first boat. You can start today, and nothing's holding you back - you probably get that by now. Except, something is holding you back. Where the heck do you start?

Well, let's start with learning the essential skills before doing anything else.

I have written a very simple approach to learn to sail for practically free (I have linked to it before). Besides being cheap, it's also a good overview of how to go about learning these essential skills. Here's the gist of it:

My 5-step bootstrap plan for new sailors

1. lay the theoretic groundwork.

• Start with free online introductory courses
• Read up on the essential knowledge on Improve Sailing
• Spend time playing Sailaway Sailing Simulator
• Read my recommendation for free courses here .

2. Test where you stand

Now that you have some theoretic knowledge, take two sailing lessons to test where you stand. Don't go overboard on lessons, just get a feel for how quick you learn and how much you know (or don't) already. That way, you don't break the bank and can change your plan accordingly.

3. Gain experience

Next, we want to make sure we have enough experience to stay safe and confident.

• If you are a quick learner , take a 1 or 2-day sailing course. This is a bit more expensive, but it pays off to spend a longer time with someone experienced.
• If you feel like you need more help at first, I recommend trying to become a ship's mate first. This is free and you learn a lot quickly. You can be a ship's mate for a day, a week, or an entire season.

4. Optional: get your license

If you need any licenses, be sure to get them now. In most states, you just need to take a basic boater's safety exam .

5. Set sail

Once you have the basic theoretic knowledge and practical experience, you can finally set sail on your own. I suggest hiring (chartering) a boat at first. This doesn't have to be expensive at all and is a great way to learn what you like and dislike.

General tips when setting sail for the first time

• Start with small boats (under 24') for better feedback
• Sail with light winds of 7 knots or less
• Start small and work your way up
• Safety is always your priority, speed comes second

Let's take a look at the precise skills you need to develop in order to become a good sailor. Below is a quick overview of essential skills and important information, and I'll link to which articles will help you out.

Essential sailing skills

• Marine navigation
• Weather interpretation

If you learn the fundamentals of these five skills, you should be able to stay safe while navigating through most situations. We'll walk through each of those skills, what it involves, and how to learn it below.

Other useful skills that are not essential at first are general boat maintenance, diagnosing electrical issues, and maintaining your boat's engine.

How to learn basic sailing skills

I recommend reading up on basic sailing skills. We have created a special page that shows you what articles we recommend when first starting out . Reading up on sailing skills might seem unnesseccary, but believe me, it really helps to boost your confidence if you have read about all those moving parts ahead of time. It will also save you precious lesson time.

NauticEd offers Basic Sail Trim as one of their free introductory courses , so I recommend taking that course, as well as playing Sailaway, which will really prepare you for trimming sails in real life.

Here's a great beginner sail trim video:

The most important way to learn basic sailing skills, of course, is going out and practising them on the water. I would want to have at least a basic grasp of sail trim and navigation before sailing single-handed (alone).

How to learn marine navigation

I recently wrote a complete guide on how to learn marine navigation . I suggest you start there - it's a very comprehensive guide and great for beginners. I specifically wrote it for people who don't know where to start. In it, I explain the fundamentals and link out to more in-depth articles, so you can explore on your own. Marine navigation is a skill you can train at home especially well.

How to learn anchoring

This is more of a practical skill, but I still recommend to read up on it first (it doesn't cost you anything). William has written a couple of solid articles on anchoring:

• 9 Easy Expert Tips for Anchoring a Boat Near Shore
• How Much Anchor Chain Should You Let Out When Anchoring?
• Can I Moor & Anchor My Boat Anywhere?

Essential knowledge

Even though sailing is a very hands-on skill, you do need some theoretical knowledge as well.

• Boat Safety Standards
• Rules of the Road - essential in avoiding collisions and dangerous situations

This information is included in one of the free introductory courses offered by NauticEd , and I believe ASA also has a free course on collision rules.

Useful knowledge

Besides this essential information, there are also things that are simply handy to know. It really pays to invest some time into learning the most important sailing terms. I recommend you learn the following at the least:

• Basic parts of sailboats - has great diagrams
• Basic sail names - illustrated guide with examples
• Most common sailing terms - extensive database

Understanding the basic names of things comes in handy when shouting orders at your crew (or being shouted at!), and avoiding any confusion. However, you can definitely sail a boat without knowing the name of everything on it.

There is some basic gear you probably want to have as a first-time sailor. Luckily, there isn't a lot of speciality stuff you have to have when renting your first sailboat.

• suitable shoes & clothing
• basic navigation tools
• optional: plotting tools

Suitable shoes

If you're just going out sailing for some odd days here and there, you only need suitable shoes to wear onboard. Or you could not wear any shoes at all, which is cheaper obviously. It can pay off to invest in something to protect your pinky toe.

• Here's What Shoes to Wear Sailing (and which not )

Sailing gloves

If you're planning on sailing more often, or longer days, you might want to consider getting a good pair of sailing gloves. Those will really help protect your hands from fatigue, blisters, and rope burn.

I highly recommend getting some kind of headwear. Make sure it has a strap or is a tight fit. Protecting yourself from the sun is important on the water. You get sunburn quickly.

Suitable clothing

You can wear regular clothing. Make sure to bring multiple layers, as temperatures on the water can change quickly. If you have clothes that are lightweight, comfortable, dry quickly, and optionally break wind, that's perfect. You could of course buy special sailing jackets, but these tend to be pricey, and you only really need them if you're on the water a lot.

Here's an expert tip: always bring dry clothes and wrap them in a plastic bag.

• Here's What to Wear Sailing in the UK

If you're looking for good quality sailing gear, I have articles on gear I like. You can check them out on the recommended gear section of this site. It has all the sailing gear I love most.

Navigation tools

When renting a boat, you want to bring some basic navigational tools:

• handheld magnetic compass
• nautical charts

Most people won't need plotting tools at first, but if you're planning on sailing longer legs, you might want to get them:

• parallel rulers

You might also need to show your skipper's license, or at least your boater's safety license.

Getting into sailing doesn't have to be complex at all. If you bookmark this article, you can get back to it (and the resources I link out to) and work your way through them in your own time. Taking your time to learn the fundamentals right first will greatly speed up your practical learning experience.

While sailing is a practical skill, and more traditional skippers will argue that you can't learn it on paper, I disagree. There is a lot of information that is especially suited to learn online or practice at home. By doing so, you'll feel more confident once you set foot on board. However, you probably shouldn't postpone bolstering your practical experience either. You want to see where you stand as quickly as possible. A lot of people put it off indefinitely, and if there's one thing true about the internet - actually, two -, it is this:

• You can keep reading indefinitely.
• It can't replace the real thing.

Instead, use it as a helpful resource to speed up the process and cut cost. It's a great place to do homework. But now, it's time to step aboard - good luck, and smooth sailing!

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Aft : The rear of a boat, close to the stern Backstay : A mast support that runs from the top of the mast to the stern of the boat. It may be adjustable in order to bend the mast backward or to increase tension on the forestay tool Ballast : Weight in the keel of a boat that adds stability Beam : A boat's greatest width Beating : Sailing (or pointing) at an angle into the wind or upwind. Since sailboats cannot sail directly into the wind, "beating" is the closest course to the wind they can sail. Bilge : The lowest part of a boat's hull

Blanketing : A tactical maneuver in which one boat slows a competitor by positioning itself to obstruct the competitor's wind Block : An assemblage of one or more sheaves (pulleys) housed in a plastic or metal case that changes the direction of travel of a line (rope) and may be attached to a boat's deck, spar or other stationary object Boom : Spar to which a sail's lower edge or foot is attached. The boom is attached to the mast at the gooseneck. Boom vang : Lines that control the boom. These lines run from the boom to the base of the mast and are used when reaching and running. Bow : The front of the boat Broach : When in a downwind situation, the boat turns uncontrollably and is pushed by the wind onto its side, lying with the mast parallel to the water. As a rule, the boat will right itself. Buoy : A floating marker Cam cleat : A mechanical cleat used to hold a line automatically. It uses two spring-loaded cams that come together to clamp their teeth on the line, which is placed between them. Also known as jam cleat . Centerboard : Like a keel, it is a weighted appendage projecting below the boat that keeps it from capsizing and also supplies the hydrodynamic lateral force that enables the boat to sail upwind. Unlike a keel, it is retractable. Cleat : A fitting, typically with projecting ends, that holds a line against the tension from the sails, rigging or mooring Clew : The lower corner of a mainsail or jib and either lower corner of a spinnaker Coming about : Turning the boat so the bow crosses through the eye of the wind, thereby changing the side of the yacht on which the sails are carried. Also known as tacking. Covering : A tactical maneuver in which a boat stays between a competitor and the wind or the next mark Daggerboard : An adjustable fin primarily used to stop the boat moving sideways through the water. Also known as centerboard. Dinghy : The Laser, Laser Radial, 470, and Finn are all dinghies that have been used in Olympic sailing - they all have one hull and a centreboard or daggerboard Downwind : The point of sail when the wind blows from aft of the boat's beam Drag : The negative or retarding force acting on a body, such as a boat moving through a fluid parallel and opposite to the direction of motion Fall off : A maneuver in which a boat turns away from the wind Fleet racing:  Competition format were entries race against each other around a course Foot : The bottom edge of a sail Genoa/Headsail/Jib : The smaller sail set in front of the mast Gooseneck : A fitting that attaches the boom to the mast Gybe : Turning the boat so the stern crosses through the eye of the wind, (thereby changing the side of the boat on which the sails are carried (opposite of tacking). Also spelled jibe. Halyard : A line used to hoist and hold up a sail Header : Wind shift that causes the boat to head away from the mark Helmsman : The crew member who steers the boat; also the skipper, or the "driver" Hiking out : Leaning out of the craft in order to change the center of gravity in the boat and go faster Hiking straps : Straps attached to the feet that help a sailor hike out more, minimizing the chance of falling out of the boat Hull:  The main body or shell of a ship or other vessel, including the bottom, sides, and deck ISAF : International Sailing Federation, the world governing body of sailboat racing Jam cleat : A device used to grip a line (rope). It has two rows of V-shaped molded teeth that grip the line when it is jammed in the groove. Also known as cam cleat. Jib : A foresail that overlaps the shroud base and is used for sailing upwind Jibe : Same as the gybe -- turning the boat so the stern crosses through the eye of the wind, thereby changing the side of the yacht on which the sails are carried (opposite of tacking) Kee l: A weighted, non-moveable appendage projecting below the boat that keeps it from capsizing and also supplies the hydrodynamic lateral force that enables the boat to sail upwind Kite : Large, light ballooning sails that are only attached to the mast at the corners. They are used when sailing downwind. Also known as spinnaker . Knot : One nautical mile per hour Lay : To sail a course that clears an object or racecourse marker buoy such as the windward and leeward marks. When a boat is doing so, it is said to be "laying the mark." Layline : An imaginary line projecting at an angle and corresponding to the wind direction from either side of a racecourse marker buoy that defines the optimum sailing angle for a boat to fetch the mark or the finish line. When a boat reaches this point, it is said to be "on the layline." Going beyond the layline means the boat is sailing a greater distance to reach the mark or finish line. Leech : The trailing edge of a sail or the curve of a sail Leeward : The side furthest away from the wind Lines : A nautical term for ropes Luff, to : Bubbling or flapping of a sail when it is not trimmed enough or is being back winded by another sailor when the course sailed is too close to the wind Mainsail : The sail behind the mast Mark : A buoy used in a racecourse Mast : The vertical spar that holds up the sails Match racing : A racing format in which only two boats compete at a time, as opposed to fleet racing, wherein three or more boats sail at once Medal race : The final race in the series. Only the top-10 boats after the opening series compete and scores are doubled. Multihull : Nacra 17 (boat used in its inaugural event at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games) - A boat with more than one hull. A boat with two hulls is also known as a catamaran and a boat with three hulls is knows as a trimaran. Nautical mile : The unit of geographical distance used on saltwater charts; one nautical mile equals 6,076 feet or 1.15 statute miles. Therefore, one statute mile equals 0.87 of a nautical mile. Off the wind : Sailing away from the wind; also downwind, reaching or running Plane : A boat planes when it sails over her own bow wave so only a small section of the hull is in the water. This allows the boat to go faster than the theoretical maximum hull speed. Pointing : Sailing at an angle into the wind or upwind. Depending on a boat's design, some will "point higher" or sail more directly into the wind and thus sail a shorter course to a given mark on the racecourse. Port : Nautical term for the left side of a boat when facing forward Port tack : Sailing with the wind blowing onto the port side and the mainsail on the starboard side Race officials : The officials responsible for running the race and enforcing the rules. This group includes the measurers who ensure that each sailor's equipment is equal and within the rules, the race officers who run the races and the judges and umpires who are rules experts and make decisions about whether rules have been broken. Reef : To decrease a sail's size Rigging : The wires, lines, halyards and other items used to attach the sails and the spars to the boat. The lines that do not have to be adjusted often are known as standing rigging. The lines that are adjusted to raise, lower and trim the sails are known as running rigging. Rudder : A moveable fin located underneath the back of the boat that steers the craft Running rigging : All moving rods and lines that support and control the mast and sails Shackle : A metal connector that attaches to other fittings with the use of a pin that is inserted through the arms of a U Sheet : A line that controls sails Skiff : 49er - A light open dinghy with a self-draining hull Slalom finish : A technical section of the windsurfing (RS:X) course involving multiple changes of direction in quick succession Spar : A basic term for a mast, boom or yard Spinnaker : Large, light ballooning sails that are only attached to the spars at the corners. They are used when running or reaching, sailing downwind. Starboard : Nautical term for the right half of the boat when facing forward Starboard tack : Sailing with the wind blowing onto the starboard side and the mainsail on the port side Stern : The rear of the boat Tacking : Turning the boat so the bow crosses through the eye of the wind, thereby changing the side of the boat on which the sails are carried (opposite of gybing) Tiller : A lever used to turn the rudder of a boat from side to side Trapeze : To stand on the side of the boat to maximize the effect of the body weight Trim : To adjust the sail to the right shape and angle to the wind. The process of "hiking out," or changing the center of gravity of the boat in order to go faster. Upwind : Toward the direction from which the wind blows; windward. Way : Forward motion of a boat. A term typically used in the context of saying that a boat is making way, is underway, or has way on. Windward : The side closest to the wind

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UW dock renovations pose threat to 75-year sailing tradition, yacht club students say

by Denise Whitaker, KOMO News Reporter

SEATTLE — Students in the Washington Yacht Club (WYC) accuse the University of Washington (UW) of working to stop a 75-year history of teaching students to sail.

Those students told KOMO News that the UW’s plans to renovate the docks near Husky Stadium will eliminate the docks they use to store their 70 boats, thus taking away their ability to teach students to sail.

“It would really mean, like a death blow to the community,” said Renee Chien, the current Rear Commodore of WYC.

The U.W. has plans to repair and remove docks. The total dock space will be reduced by 4,000 square feet.

“And the university has actually given us a statement as of March that we will no longer be able to keep beyond one boat on the dock,” said Chien.

UW told KOMO News that the club only needs to move some of the club's boats short term.

“We have up to 75 boats. We’ve got everything from sailboats up to a 44-foot ocean-going vessel and everything in between,” said William Rae, another member of WYC.

Once the renovation is completed in 2025, the university told KOMO that UW recreation will no longer maintain dock storage space, so the WYC and the Union Bay Rowing Club would each be able to maintain just one boat at the dock.

“It would mean the loss of something that I have poured my heart and soul into,” said Chien. “And I feel like that is the case for most people that I work with in the WYC, who like are united by their common love of sailing.”

Chien told KOMO she just joined the WYC in November, to learn to sail and loves it so much, she’s already been out sailing 22 of the past 23 days.

“I grew up in Taipei, Taiwan and as an international student, I wouldn’t have felt like my roots were planted firmly anywhere. I thought maybe I would stay in Seattle maybe I wouldn’t, but I didn’t feel attached and it was really because of sailing and because of my access to the water and this newfound connection that I have with the Puget Sound that I feel like I would like to stay here to keep sailing and keep building the community here,” explained Chien.

Perhaps the best part of getting out on one of the 70 boats to learn to sail, is the price. Students pay just $39 per quarter.

“And if we lose that that’s a huge loss to people being able to enter into a sport that traditionally has such a high barrier,” said Rae.

Sailing lessons in Seattle cost several hundred dollars a month.

“We’re pretty unique, definitely in the Pacific Northwest, and really for student-run organizations we believe we're unique in the country,” said Rae.

UW's tradition of sailgating right outside Husky Stadium is another unique Pacific Northwest tradition and some accuse the University of putting profits from events like this over student benefit.

The renovation plan calls for adding new docks for large sailgating boats plus greater access for students and the public to rent kayaks and canoes.

“And we just want to emphasize that kayak rentals are $19 per hour our quarterly membership is $39 a quarter,” said Chien.

UW told KOMO that they are prioritizing Rec Clubs with the new waterfront plan, to expand student participation.

Construction on the docks and beach at the UW is scheduled to start in January and UW told KOMO that they are still working with the WYC through this process.

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Billionaires are getting ready for summer with wildly spectacular superyachts

• Superyachts, the most expensive asset  a billionaire can own, are pushing the boundaries of luxury.
• The boats, which cost eight or nine figures, are getting larger and include more features than ever.
• From massage rooms to basketball courts, here's what the world's richest want on board.

For many wealthy boat owners, a private spa is a must-have on board. A sauna is a nice touch. A Jet Ski or two makes days at sea way more fun. And if you don't have someone on board who can whip up a Michelin-star-worthy meal , you might as well stay on land.

In the world of massive yachts , there's no such thing as too much. After all, if someone spends eight or nine figures to design the vessel of their dreams — or at least $500,000 a week to charter one — more is more.

"Yachting. It's not rational; it's emotional," Ralph Dazert, the head of intelligence at SuperYacht Times, told Business Insider at the Palm Beach International Boat Show, where dozens of superyachts — often defined as vessels over 30 meters in length — were on display.

And while there are certain classic features, such as jacuzzis and bars, what superyacht owners want is evolving, insiders at the show said. That might mean more crew members, more space for helicopters, or more water toys, but might also include manicure salons and putting greens.

"The bar of what is the baseline expectation has increased exponentially just over the last four or five years," Anders Kurtén, the CEO of brokerage Fraser Yachts, said. Clients are "spending more time on the boat and really wanting to extend the lifestyle they lead on the shore."

A lot of this can be chalked up to the pandemic. Superyacht purchases and charters spiked as life and luxury travel on land screeched to a halt. While the market has moderated slightly, the number of superyachts on order — 1,166 as of September, according to Boat International's Global Order Book — is still above pre-pandemic norms.

"What the pandemic really showed is that the appetite for being out there at sea, sort of living the marine lifestyle, is still as valid as ever," Kurtén said.

That means there's a lot of money on the water. The total value of the 203 superyachts over 30 meters delivered last year was $6.4 billion, according to data from SuperYacht Times. New custom builds from the world's most prestigious shipyards — Lurssen, Feadship, Oceanco , Benetti — can run into the hundreds of millions. Even used superyachts at the Palm Beach show cost as much as $75 million.

And it's not just traditional buyers like retired wealthy couples looking for a place to relax or celebrities looking for a place to party away from the paparazzi. New clients are often younger and have families, so want areas to work and watch movies . They also want pricey water toys, access to fitness equipment, or even pizza ovens for picky eaters.

"This would've never happened in the nineties," said Giovanna Vitelli, the vice president of the Azimut Benetti Group, the world's biggest producer of superyachts. "You would go with your beautiful woman, Champagne — the idea of yachting was much more showing off with your jacuzzi and things like that."

Pure opulence has made room for function.

When Benetti's Nabila set sail in 1980, its 50-person crew, gold-and-diamond-encrusted interiors, and lavish parties captured headlines and even inspired the Queen song "Kashoggi's Ship."(Seven years later, Donald Trump bought Nabila for $30 million , renaming her the Trump Princess.)

"Life on board was considered very formal — big formal dining rooms, boats were high on the water, you would be segregated from the rest of the world," Vitelli said, remembering another client who insisted on a replica of the Sistine Chapel above the dining table.

But the ostentatious, palatial-like interiors that used to be highlighted in yacht brochures have made way for lists of more functional features .

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Rather than esoteric novelties like an extra-large safe for rifles that one builder had to construct per a Russian yacht owner's request , the superyachts on display at the Palm Beach show featured basketball courts, saunas, and ice baths.

Owners want elevators and luxury gyms. Pampering options, be it a massage room, manicure station, or a professional-grade facial machine, are a dime a dozen. Some bathrooms have fancy Toto toilets, which can cost around $20,000.

Sterns (that's the back of the boat) used to be built high to guard guests' privacy. Now, they're built as "beach clubs" — an open swim platform.

And what good is a massage room if no one on board can give one? Many superyachts can hold twice as many crew members as guests, if not more. One broker, representing a boat that didn't have a masseuse, said it could be quite a "tricky" issue because if a charter wants one, they have to find someone who can massage guests and "pull their weight with the crew."

"It's not uncommon to look for a deckhand who can also mix a martini, play an instrument, maybe entertain the guests with singing, and ideally even give a massage," Kurtén said.

Of course, a crew comes at a cost . Most are considered full-time employees, requiring salaries and benefits like health insurance. Captains, first mates, and chief engineers often make six figures a year. That's without tips; a charter guest will typically spend six figures on gratuities for the crew who worked during a weeklong vacation.

For the superrich, there must be room for toys.

It's not just the onboard amenities that count. What's known as "toys" in the industry — water slides, eFoils, Jet Skis, and underwater scuba diving jets — are popular, and costs range from merely hundreds of dollars (banana boats) to millions ( submersibles , which are still popular despite the recent tragedy).

" Tenders and toys, the sky seems to be the limit," Kurtén said. "More is more."

If you can't fit all those toys in the yacht's storage space, you can just use another boat. Jeff Bezos' support yacht is a superyacht in itself, measuring 75 meters and costing tens of millions of dollars. (His main yacht, Koru , cost a reported $500 million.)

Support yachts are also faster, meaning the crew can get to a destination first and set up the Jet Skis, seapools, and the like, Dazert said. "By the time the owner arrives on the main yacht, everything's set up, and he can go and have fun."

Even tenders, the smaller vessel that brings guests from the ship to the shore, are getting glow-ups. The Nero, a 90-meter beauty available to charter for about $500,000 a week and modeled after J.P. Morgan's 1930s ship, has custom-built tenders to match the design. The most expensive ones often cost seven figures. Nero has three.

"It used to be a tender was a tender," Jeffrey Beneville, who handles yacht insurance at NFP, told BI. "Now they're called limousine tenders. Think of an incredibly luxurious gondola that's got a hard top so nobody's hair gets mussed when they're being dropped off at the Monaco Yacht Club ."

One thing that clearly hasn't changed in superyachting: showing off. If the boat next door at the marina has an indoor-outdoor cinema, it's natural to want one too. Ditto a wine cellar or helipad.

"It's a bit of a celebration of your success in life, of wealth," Vitelli, whose company is behind the Lana yacht Bill Gates chartered for a birthday party three years ago, said. "You push it a little more."

And that's a boon for yacht makers and brokers catering to the superrich.

"Our job is to make clients' dreams come true," Kurtén said.

Watch: Inside the world's biggest cruise ship that just set sail

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Baltimore bridge collapse wasn't first major accident for giant container ship Dali

Propulsion failed on the cargo ship that struck the Francis Key Bridge in Baltimore early Tuesday as it was leaving port, causing it to collapse into the frigid Patapsco River. Its crew warned Maryland officials of a possible collision because they had lost control.

“The vessel notified MD Department of Transportation (MDOT) that they had lost control of the vessel” and a collision with the bridge “was possible,” according to an unclassified Department of Homeland Security report. “The vessel struck the bridge causing a complete collapse.”

An official speaking on condition of anonymity confirmed to USA TODAY that the DHS’ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is working with federal, state, and local officials “to understand the potential impacts of this morning’s collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge.”

Clay Diamond, executive director, American Pilots’ Association, told USA TODAY power issues are not unusual on cargo ships, which are so large they cannot easily course correct.

“It’s likely that virtually every pilot in the country has experienced a power loss of some kind (but) it generally is momentary,” Diamond said. “This was a complete blackout of all the power on the ship, so that’s unusual. Of course this happened at the worst possible location.” 

The ship in Tuesday's crash, Dali, was involved in at least one prior accident when it collided with a shipping pier in Belgium.

That 2016 incident occurred as the Dali was leaving port in Antwerp and struck a loading pier made of stone, causing damage to the ship’s stern, according to VesselFinder.com, a site that tracks ships across the world. An investigation determined a mistake made by the ship’s master and pilot was to blame.

No one was injured in that crash, although the ship required repair and a full inspection before being returned to service. The pier – or berth – was also seriously damaged and had to be closed.

VesselFinder reports that the Dali was chartered by Maersk, the same company chartering it during the Baltimore harbor incident.

The 9-year-old container ship had passed previous inspections during its time at sea, but during one such inspection in June at the Port of San Antonio in Chile, officials discovered a deficiency with its "propulsion and auxiliary machinery (gauges, thermometers, etc)," according to the Tokyo MOU, an intergovernmental maritime authority in the Asia-Pacific region.

The report provided no other information about the deficiency except to note that it was not serious enough to remove the ship from service.

Follow here for live updates: Baltimore's Key Bridge collapses after ship strike; construction crew missing: Live Updates

Why did Dali crash into the Baltimore bridge?

Officials said Tuesday they’re investigating the collision, including whether systems on board lost electricity early Tuesday morning, which could be related to mechanical failure, according to a U.S. official who was not authorized to speak publicly.

Accidents at sea, known as marine casualties, are not uncommon, the source told USA TODAY. However, “allisions,” in which a moving object strikes a stationary one with catastrophic results, are far less common. The investigation of the power loss aboard the Dali, a Singapore-flagged vessel, will be a high priority.

In a video posted to social media, lights on the Dali shut off, then turned back on, then shut off again before the ship struck a support pier on the bridge.

Numerous cargo and cruise ships have lost power over the years.

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea requires all international vessels to have two independent sources of electricity, both of which should be able to maintain the ship's seaworthiness on their own, according to a safety study about power failures on ships , citing the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

The Dali's emergency generator was likely responsible for the lights coming back on after the initial blackout, Diamond said.

“There was still some steerage left when they initially lost power,” he said. “We’ve been told the ship never recovered propulsion. The emergency generator is a diesel itself – so if you light off the generator, that’s also going to put off a puff of exhaust.”

Under maritime law, all foreign flagged vessels must be piloted into state ports by a state licensed pilot so the Dali's pilot is licensed by Association of Maryland Pilots .

Diamond described the incident based on information from the Maryland agency that licensed the pilot aboard the ship. His organization represents that group and all other state piloting agencies in the US.

“The pilot was directing navigation of the ship as it happened,” he said. “He asked the captain to get the engines back online. They weren’t able to do that, so the pilot took all the action he could. He tried to steer, to keep the ship in the channel. He also dropped the ship’s anchor to slow the ship and guide the direction.

“Neither one was enough. The ship never did regain its engine power.”

How big is the Dali ship?

The Dali is a 984-foot container vessel built in 2015 by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea. With a cruising speed of about 22 knots – roughly 25 mph. It has traveled the world carrying goods from port to port.

The ship, constructed of high-strength steel, has one engine and one propeller, according to MarineTraffic.com.

The Dali arrived in Baltimore on Sunday from the Port of Norfolk in Virginia. Before that, it had been in New York and came through the Panama Canal.

It remains at the scene of the collapse as authorities investigate.

Who owns and operates the Dali?

It is owned by the Singapore-based Grace Ocean Pte Ltd but managed by Synergy Marine Group, also based in Singapore. It was carrying Maersk customers’ cargo, according to a statement from the shipping company.

“We are deeply concerned by this incident and are closely monitoring the situation,” Maersk said in the statement. 

Synergy, which describes itself as a leading ship manager with more than 600 vessels under its guidance, issued a statement on its website acknowledging the incident and reporting no injuries among its crew and no pollution in the water. There were two pilots on board and 22 crew members in all, according to Synergy, all of them from India.

USA TODAY reached out to Synergy on Tuesday, but the company did not immediately return a call seeking comment.

Contributing: Josh Susong

Six presumed dead after cargo ship crash levels Baltimore bridge

BALTIMORE — A major Baltimore bridge collapsed like a house of cards early Tuesday after it was struck by a container ship, sending six people to their deaths in the dark waters below, and closing one of the country’s busiest ports.

By nightfall, the desperate search for six people who were working on the bridge and vanished when it fell apart had become a grim search for bodies.

“We do not believe that we’re going to find any of these individuals still alive,” Coast Guard Rear Admiral Shannon N. Gilreath said.

Jeffrey Pritzker, executive vice president of Brawner Builders, said earlier that one of his workers had survived. He did not release their names.

Up until then, Maryland Gov. Wes Moore had held out hope that the missing people might be found even as law enforcement warned that the frigid water and the fact that there had been no sign of them since 1:30 a.m. when the ship struck Francis Scott Key Bridge.

Moore expressed heartbreak after officials suspended the search for survivors.

"Our heart goes out to the families," he said. "I can’t imagine how painful today has been for these families, how painful these hours have been have been for these families."

It was a crushing blow to the loved ones of the missing men, who had waited for hours at a Royal Farms convenience store near the entrance of the bridge for word of their fate. 

Follow live updates on the Baltimore bridge collapse

The tragic chain of events began early Tuesday when the cargo ship Dali notified authorities that it had lost power and issued a mayday moments before the 984-foot vessel slammed into a bridge support at a speed of 8 knots, which is about 9 mph.

Moore declared a state of emergency while rescue crews using sonar detected at least five vehicles in the frigid 50-foot-deep water: three passenger cars, a cement truck and another vehicle of some kind. Authorities do not believe anyone was inside the vehicles.

Investigators quickly concluded that it was an accident and not an act of terrorism.

Ship was involved in another collision

Earlier, two people were rescued from the water, Baltimore Fire Chief James Wallace said. One was in good condition and refused treatment, he said. The other was seriously injured and was being treated in a trauma center.

Moore said other drivers might have been in the water had it not been for those who, upon hearing the mayday, blocked off the bridge and kept other vehicles from crossing.

“These people are heroes,” Moore said. “They saved lives.”

Nearly eight years ago, the Dali was involved in an accident. In July 2016, it struck a quay at the Port of Antwerp-Bruges in Belgium, damaging the quay.

The nautical commission investigated the accident, but the details of the inquiry were not immediately clear Tuesday.

The Dali is operated and managed by Synergy Group. In a statement, the company said that two port pilots were at the helm during Tuesday's crash and that all 22 crew members onboard were accounted for.

The Dali was chartered by the Danish shipping giant Maersk, which said it would have no choice but to send its ships to other nearby ports with the Port of Baltimore closed.

The bridge, which is about a mile and a half long and carries Interstate 695 over the Patapsco River southeast of Baltimore, was "fully up to code," Moore said.

National Transportation Safety Board Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy said that her agency will lead the investigation and that a data recorder on the ship could provide more information.

"But right now we're focusing on the people, on the families," she said. "The rest can wait."

President Joe Biden vowed to rebuild the bridge and send federal funds.

"This is going to take some time," the president warned. "The people of Baltimore can count on us though to stick with them, at every step of the way, till the port is reopened and the bridge is rebuilt."

Speaking in Baltimore, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg echoed the president's promise.

"This is no ordinary bridge," he said. "This is one of the cathedrals of American infrastructure."

But Buttigieg warned that replacing the bridge and reopening the port will take time and money and that it could affect supply chains.

The Port of Baltimore, the 11th largest in the U.S., is the busiest port for car imports and exports, handling more than 750,000 vehicles in 2023 alone, according to data from the Maryland Port Administration.

Writer David Simon, a champion of Baltimore who set his TV crime drama "The Wire" on the streets of the city he once covered as a reporter, warned online that the people who will suffer the most are those whose livelihoods depend on the port.

"Thinking first of the people on the bridge," Simon posted on X . "But the mind wanders to a port city strangling. All the people who rely on ships in and out."

Timeline of crash

Dramatic video captured the moment at 1:28 a.m. Tuesday when the Dali struck a support and sent the bridge tumbling into the water. A livestream showed cars and trucks on the bridge just before the strike. The ship did not sink, and its lights remained on.

Investigators said in a timeline that the Dali's lights suddenly shut off four minutes earlier before they came back on and that then, at 1:25 a.m. dark black smoke began billowing from the ship's chimney.

A minute later, at 1:26 a.m., the ship appeared to turn. And in the minutes before it slammed into the support, the lights flickered again.

Maryland Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said the workers on the bridge were repairing concrete ducts when the ship crashed into the structure.

At least seven workers were pouring concrete to fix potholes on the roadway on the bridge directly above where the ship hit, said James Krutzfeldt, a foreman.

Earlier, the Coast Guard said it had received a report that a “motor vessel made impact with the bridge” and confirmed it was the Dali, a containership sailing under a Singaporean flag that was heading for Sri Lanka.

Bobby Haines, who lives in Dundalk in Baltimore County, said he felt the impact of the bridge collapse from his house nearby.

"I woke up at 1:30 this morning and my house shook, and I was freaking out," he said. "I thought it was an earthquake, and to find out it was a bridge is really, really scary."

Families of bridge workers wait for updates

Earlier in the day, relatives of the construction crew waited for updates on their loved ones.

Marian Del Carmen Castellon told Telemundo her husband, Miguel Luna, 49, was working on the bridge.

“They only tell us that we have to wait and that they can’t give us information,” she said.

Castellon said she was "devastated, devastated because our heart is broken, because we don’t know how they have been rescued yet. We are just waiting for the news."

Luna's co-worker Jesús Campos said he felt crushed, too.

“It hurts my heart to see what is happening. We are human beings, and they are my folks,” he said.

Campos told The Baltimore Banner that the missing men are from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.

Active search and rescue ends

The Coast Guard said it was suspending the active search-and-rescue effort at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday.

"Coast Guard’s not going away, none of our partners are going away, but we’re just going to transition into a different phase," Gilreath said at a news conference.

Maryland State Police Superintendent Roland L. Butler, Jr., said it was moving to a recovery operation. Changing conditions have made it dangerous for divers, he said. 

Butler pledged to "do our very best to recover those six missing people," but the conditions are difficult.

"If we look at how challenging it is at a simple motor vehicle crash to extract an individual, I'm sure we can all imagine how much harder it is to do it in inclement weather, when it's cold, under the water, with very limited to no visibility," he said.

"There's a tremendous amount of debris in the water," which can include sharp metal and other hazards, and that could take time, Butler said.

'A long road in front of us'

Built in 1977 and referred to locally as the Key Bridge, the structure was later named after the author of the American national anthem.

The bridge is more than 8,500 feet long, or 1.6 miles. Its main section spans 1,200 feet, and it was one of the longest continuous truss bridges in the world upon its completion, according to the National Steel Bridge Alliance .

About 31,000 vehicles a day use the bridge, which equals 11.3 million vehicles per year, according to the Maryland Transportation Authority.

The river and the Port of Baltimore are both key to the shipping industry on the East Coast, generating more than $3.3 billion a year and directly employing more than 15,000 people.

Asked what people in Baltimore can expect going forward, the state's transportation secretary said it is too early to tell.

"Obviously we reached out to a number of engineering companies, so obviously we have a long road in front of us," Wiedefeld said.

Julia Jester reported from Baltimore, Patrick Smith from London, Corky Siemaszko from New York and Phil Helsel from Los Angeles.

Julia Jester is a producer for NBC News based in Washington, D.C.

Patrick Smith is a London-based editor and reporter for NBC News Digital.

Phil Helsel is a reporter for NBC News.

Corky Siemaszko is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital.

Watch CBS News

Maps and video show site of Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in Baltimore

By Paula Cohen , Kerry Breen

Updated on: March 27, 2024 / 6:14 PM EDT / CBS News

A major search and rescue operation has now transitioned to a recovery mission at the site of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore after it was struck by a cargo ship and collapsed early Tuesday , sending vehicles and people plunging into the water below. The U.S. Coast Guard said the ship had reported losing propulsion and control as it was leaving Baltimore harbor, before the collision occurred at around 1:30 a.m. ET. 

Two survivors were pulled from the water soon after the collapse, officials said — one unhurt and one with serious injuries, who was treated at a hospital and later released, CBS Baltimore reported . 

Six were missing and presumed dead. Officials said the bodies of two victims were recovered Wednesday.

Maryland Department of Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said all six were construction workers who were filling potholes on the bridge at the time.

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore declared a state of emergency, with city, state and federal teams converging at the scene. 

Map of the Key Bridge in Baltimore

The Key Bridge crosses the Patapsco River, a key waterway that along with the Port of Baltimore serves as a hub for East Coast shipping. CBS News Baltimore reports that the four-lane, 1.6-mile span was used by some 31,000 people a day.

The Maryland Transportation Authority  said  all lanes were closed in both directions on I-695, which crosses the Key Bridge. The agency said traffic was being detoured to I-95 and I-895. 

The portion of the bridge that collapsed was on a stretch connecting Hawkins Point, on the south side of the waterway, and Dundalk, on the north. 

Video of the Key Bridge collapse in Baltimore

Video captured the moment the heavily loaded container ship struck a bridge support, sending sections of the overpass tumbling into the river below.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by CBS News (@cbsnews)

Officials said in a news conference that the ship had reported losing power and a mayday had been issued before the collision, which allowed officials to stop traffic onto the bridge. Officials did not clarify how many vehicles were on the bridge at the time of the collapse. 

Moore said he "can confirm that the crew notified authorities of a power issue," and he said that the decision to stop traffic onto the bridge "saved lives last night." 

Earlier Tuesday morning, Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott called the collapse "an unthinkable tragedy."

"We have to first and foremost pray for all of those who are impacted, those families, pray for our first responders and thank them," he said. "We have to be thinking about the families and people impacted. We have to try to find them safe."

What was the ship's route?

The Singapore-flagged Dali, operated by charter vessel company Synergy Group, was chartered by and carrying cargo for Maersk. It had left the Port of Baltimore, just north and west of the bridge, before turning to head south and east along the Patapsco River. 

The ship had been in the port for two days, according to ship tracking website  VesselFinder , and was expected to spend nearly a month at sea before it reached Colombo, Sri Lanka.

CBS News analyzed the path of every cargo ship taking this route over the past month and found Dali had veered more than 100 yards off the usual route when it struck the bridge support.

Timeline of the disaster

Click the arrow below to see an interactive timeline of how the collision occurred.

Before-and-after photos of the Francis Scott Key Bridge 

Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge opened to traffic on March 23, 1977, and was a crucial thoroughfare for the region, carrying some 11.3 million vehicles per year. 

The photos below show how it looked following the collapse Tuesday morning, and how it looked intact just a few days earlier.

A witness who lives near the bridge  told CBS Baltimore  the collapse felt like an earthquake and sounded like "a big bash of thunder."

"The whole house vibrated, like my house was falling down," he said. "I've been in this neighborhood 57 years, I remembered when they built this bridge. Can't believe it's gone."

Another resident reflected on being on the bridge just yesterday. "To see the bridge gone knowing I was on that bridge not even 10 hours ago — it's devastating."

• Francis Scott Key Bridge
• Bridge Collapse
• Patapsco River

Paula Cohen is the senior managing editor of CBSNews.com, where she oversees coverage of breaking news and stories on a wide range of topics from across the U.S. and around the world.

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