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Escape to the Sea: How to get from the Great Lakes to the Caribbean
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Yachting Monthly
- Digital edition
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25 of the best small sailing boat designs
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Nic Compton](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/04/nic-compton-bw-headshot-600px-square-200x200.jpg)
- Nic Compton
- August 10, 2022
Nic Compton looks at the 25 yachts under 40ft which have had the biggest impact on UK sailing
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf 25 of the best small sailing boat designs](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/25-best-boats-534x400.jpg)
There’s nothing like a list of best small sailing boat designs to get the blood pumping.
Everyone has their favourites, and everyone has their pet hates.
This is my list of the 25 best small sailing boat designs, honed down from the list of 55 yachts I started with.
I’ve tried to be objective and have included several boats I don’t particularly like but which have undeniably had an impact on sailing in the UK – and yes, it would be quite a different list if I was writing about another country.
If your favourite isn’t on the best small sailing boat designs list, then send an email to [email protected] to argue the case for your best-loved boat.
Ready? Take a deep breath…
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A green hull Centaur yacht, named as one of the 25 best small sailing boat designs](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/ed-centaurScreenshot-2022-07-19-at-12.13.09-630x354.png)
Credit: Bob Aylott
Laurent Giles is best known for designing wholesome wooden cruising boats such as the Vertue and Wanderer III , yet his most successful design was the 26ft Centaur he designed for Westerly, of which a remarkable 2,444 were built between 1969 and 1980.
It might not be the prettiest boat on the water, but it sure packs a lot of accommodation.
The Westerly Centaur was one of the first production boats to be tank tested, so it sails surprisingly well too. Jack L Giles knew what he was doing.
Colin Archer
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf The Colin Archer - one of the 25 best small sailing boat designs](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.colinarchercomm.jpeg-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Nic Compton
Only 32 Colin Archer lifeboats were built during their designer’s lifetime, starting with Colin Archer in 1893 and finishing with Johan Bruusgaard in 1924.
Yet their reputation for safety spawned hundreds of copycat designs, the most famous of which was Sir Robin Knox-Johnston ’s Suhaili , which he sailed around the world singlehanded in 1968-9.
The term Colin Archer has become so generic it is often used to describe any double-ender – so beware!
Contessa 32
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Assents performance in the 1979 Fastnet Race earns the Contessa 32 at place on the 25 best small sailing boats list. Credit: Nic Compton](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.contessa32tiarchiveqr-630x354.jpg)
Assent ‘s performance in the 1979 Fastnet Race makes the Contessa 32 a worth entry in the 25 best small sailing boat designs list. Credit: Nic Compton
Designed by David Sadler as a bigger alternative to the popular Contessa 26, the Contessa 32 was built by Jeremy Rogers in Lymington from 1970.
The yacht’s credentials were established when Assent , the Contessa 32 owned by Willy Kerr and skippered by his son Alan, became the only yacht in her class to complete the deadly 1979 Fastnet Race .
When UK production ceased in 1983, more than 700 had been built, and another 20 have been built since 1996.
Cornish Crabber 24
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Cornish crabber with a blue hull and white sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.newcrabber_comm.jpg-630x354.jpg)
It seemed a daft idea to build a gaff-rigged boat in 1974, just when everyone else had embraced the ‘modern’ Bermudan rig.
Yet the first Cornish Crabber 24, designed by Roger Dongray, tapped into a feeling that would grow and grow and eventually become a movement.
The 24 was followed in 1979 by the even more successful Shrimper 19 – now ubiquitous in almost every harbour in England – and the rest is history.
Drascombe Lugger
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Drascombe lugger with orange sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.drascombetiarchiveqr-630x354.jpg)
Credit: David Harding
There are faster, lighter and more comfortable boats than a Drascombe Lugger.
And yet, 57 years after John Watkinson designed the first ‘lugger’ (soon changed to gunter rig), more than 2,000 have been built and the design is still going strong.
More than any other boat, the Drascombe Lugger opened up dinghy cruising, exemplified by Ken Duxbury’s Greek voyages in the 1970s and Webb Chiles’s near-circumnavigation on Chidiock Tichbourne I and II .
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf An Eventide lunch with white sails and a blue hull sailing offshore](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.eventide_comm-630x354.jpg)
The 26ft Eventide. Credit: David Harding
It’s been described as the Morris Minor of the boating world – except that the majority of the 1,000 Eventides built were lovingly assembled by their owners, not on a production line.
After you’d tested your skills building the Mirror dinghy, you could progress to building a yacht.
And at 24ft long, the Eventide packed a surprising amount of living space.
It was Maurice Griffiths’ most successful design and helped bring yachting to a wider audience.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Fisher 30 yacht with blue hull and red sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.fisher_comm-630x354.jpg)
You either love ’em or you hate ’em – motorsailers, that is.
The Fisher 30 was brought into production in 1971 and was one of the first out-and-out motorsailers.
With its long keel , heavy displacement and high bulwarks, it was intended to evoke the spirit of North Sea fishing boats.
It might not sail brilliantly but it provided an exceptional level of comfort for its size and it would look after you when things turned nasty.
Significantly, it was also fitted with a large engine.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Folkboat with white sails and blue hull](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.folkboat_tiarchiveqr-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Rupert Holmes
It should have been a disaster.
In 1941, when the Scandinavian Sailing Federation couldn’t choose a winner for their competition to design an affordable sailing boat, they gave six designs to naval architect Tord Sundén and asked him to combine the best features from each.
The result was a sweet-lined 25ft sloop which was very seaworthy and fast.
The design has been built in GRP since the 1970s and now numbers more than 4,000, with fleets all over the world.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Freedom 40 yacht with a blue hull and two masts carrying white sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.freedom40press-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Kevin Barber
There’s something disconcerting about a boat with two unstayed masts and no foresails, and certainly the Freedom range has its detractors.
Yet as Garry Hoyt proved, first with the Freedom 40, designed in collaboration with Halsey Herreshoff, and then the Freedom 33 , designed with Jay Paris, the boats are simple to sail (none of those clattering jib sheets every time you tack) and surprisingly fast – at least off the wind .
Other ‘cat ketch’ designs followed but the Freedoms developed their own cult following.
Hillyard 12-tonner
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The old joke about Hillyards is that you won’t drown on one but you might starve to death getting there.
And yet this religious boatbuilder from Littlehampton built up to 800 yachts which travelled around the world – you can find them cruising far-flung destinations.
Sizes ranged from 2.5 to 20 tons, though the 9- and 12-ton are best for long cruises.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf The yacht Jester with a junk rig and yellow hull at the start of the OSTAR](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.jestertiarchivear.jpg)
The innovations on Jester means she is one of the best small sailing boat designs in the last 100 years. Credit: Ewen Southby-Tailyour
Blondie Hasler was one of the great sailing innovators and Jester was his testing ground.
She was enclosed, carvel planked and had an unstayed junk rig.
Steering was via a windvane system Hasler created.
Hasler came second in the first OSTAR , proving small boats can achieve great things.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A yacht with a white hull and blue and white sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.moody33_comm.jpg)
Moody kicked off the era of comfort-oriented boats with its very first design.
The Moody 33, designed by Angus Primrose, had a wide beam and high topside to produce a voluminous hull .
The centre cockpit allowed for an aft cabin, resulting in a 33-footer with two sleeping cabins – an almost unheard of concept in 1973 –full-beam heads and spacious galley.
What’s more, her performance under sail was more than adequate for cruising.
Finally, here was a yacht that all the family could enjoy.
Continues below…
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2020/04/EDHR44-16RT0828_74614692_170376832.jpg)
What makes a boat seaworthy?
What characteristics make a yacht fit for purpose? Duncan Kent explores the meaning of 'seaworthy' and how hull design and…
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Beneteau Oceanis 30.1](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-05-30-at-15.02.30.png)
How boat design is evolving
Will Bruton looks at the latest trends and innovations shaping the boats we sail
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Keel type](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2016/11/LRSF_BeneteauFirst352.jpg)
How keel type affects performance
James Jermain looks at the main keel types, their typical performance and the pros and cons of each
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2021/10/ed013_12042-Hull-Shapes-GSP_410935131_719830642.jpg)
Boat handling: How to use your yacht’s hull shape to your advantage
Whether you have a long keel or twin keel rudders, there will be pros and cons when it comes to…
Nicholson 32
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Nicholson 32 with a blue hull. Its solid seakeeping qualities means it is one of the best small boat sailing designs produced](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.nicholson32tiarchiveqr-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Genevieve Leaper
Charles Nicholson was a giant of the wooden boat era but one of his last designs – created with his son Peter – was a pioneering fibreglass boat that would become an enduring classic.
With its long keel and heavy displacement, the Nicholson 32 is in many ways a wooden boat built in fibreglass – and indeed the design was based on Nicholson’s South Coast One Design.
From 1966 to 1977, the ‘Nic 32’ went through 11 variations.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A yacht with two masts sailing](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.rasmus32press-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Hallberg-Rassy
In the beginning there was… the Rasmus 35. This was the first yacht built by the company that would become Hallberg-Rassy and which would eventually build more than 9,000 boats.
The Rasmus 35, designed by Olle Enderlein, was a conservative design, featuring a centre cockpit, long keel and well-appointed accommodation.
Some 760 boats were built between 1967 and 1978.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Two classic wooden yachts with white sails sailing side by side](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.renegadepress-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Larry & Lin Pardey
Lyle Hess was ahead of his time when he designed Renegade in 1949.
Despite winning the Newport to Ensenada race, the 25ft wooden cutter went largely unnoticed.
Hess had to build bridges for 15 years before Larry Pardey asked him to design the 24ft Seraffyn , closely based on Renegade ’s lines but with a Bermudan rig.
Pardey’s subsequent voyages around the world cemented Hess’s reputation and success of the Renegade design.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Rustler 36 yacht being sailed off the coast of Falmouth](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.rustler36press-630x354.jpg)
Would the Rustler 36 make it on your best small sailing boat list? Credit: Rustler Yachts
Six out of 18 entries for the 2018 Golden Globe Race (GGR) were Rustler 36s, with the top three places all going to Rustler 36 skippers.
It was a fantastic endorsement for a long-keel yacht designed by Holman & Pye 40 years before.
Expect to see more Rustler 36s in the 2022 edition of the GGR!
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf An S&S 34 yacht sailing offshore with white sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.ss34_comm-630x354.jpg)
It was Ted Heath who first brought the S&S 34 to prominence with his boat Morning Cloud .
In 1969 the yacht won the Sydney to Hobart Race, despite being one of the smallest boats in the race.
Other epic S&S 34 voyages include the first ever single-handed double circumnavigation by Jon Sanders in 1981
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A yacht with a red, white and blue spinnaker sailing into the distance](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.sadler29iarchivear-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Colin Work
The Contessa 32 might seem an impossible boat to improve upon, but that’s what her designer David Sadler attempted to do in 1979 with the launch of the Sadler 32 .
That was followed two years later by the Sadler 29 , a tidy little boat that managed to pack in six berths in a comfortable open-plan interior.
The boat was billed as ‘unsinkable’, with a double-skinned hull separated by closed cell foam buoyancy.
What’s more, it was fast, notching up to 12 knots.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf The Sigma 33 yacht - named as one of the 25 best small sailing boat designs](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.sigma33tiarchivear-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Dick Durham/Yachting Monthly
Another modern take on the Contessa theme was the Sigma 33, designed by David Thomas in 1979.
A modern underwater body combined with greater beam and higher freeboard produced a faster boat with greater accommodation.
And, like the Contessa, the Sigma 33 earned its stripes at the 1979 Fastnet, when two of the boats survived to tell the tale.
A lively one-design fleet soon developed on the Solent which is still active to this day.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A replica of Joshua Slocum's Spray. Credit: Alamy Stock Photo](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.sprayalamy-630x354.jpg)
A replica of Joshua Slocum’s Spray . Credit: Alamy Stock Photo
The boat Joshua Slocum used for his first singlehanded circumnavigation of the world wasn’t intended to sail much further than the Chesapeake Bay.
The 37ft Spray was a rotten old oyster sloop which a friend gave him and which he had to spend 13 months fixing up.
Yet this boxy little tub, with its over-optimistic clipper bow, not only took Slocum safely around the world but has spawned dozens of modern copies that have undertaken long ocean passages.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf James Wharram drew many pioneering designs during his lifetime, which is why Tangaroa, which opened up cruising to many, is on the 25 best sailing boat designs list. Credit: James Wharram Designs](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.newtangarospress-630x355.jpg)
Credit: James Wharram Designs
What are boats for if not for dreaming? And James Wharram had big dreams.
First he sailed across the Atlantic on the 23ft 6in catamaran Tangaroa .
He then built the 40ft Rongo on the beach in Trinidad (with a little help from French legend Bernard Moitessier) and sailed back to the UK.
Then he drew the 34ft Tangaroa (based on Rongo ) for others to follow in his wake and sold 500 plans in 10 years.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Twister yacht with a white hull and white sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.twistertiarchivear-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Graham Snook/Yachting Monthly
The Twister was designed in a hurry.
Kim Holman wanted a boat at short notice for the 1963 season and, having had some success with his Stella design (based on the Folkboat), he rushed out a ‘knockabout cruising boat for the summer with some racing for fun’.
The result was a Bermudan sloop that proved nigh on unbeatable on the East Anglian circuit.
It proved to be Holman’s most popular design with more than 200 built.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A black and white photos of a wooden yacht](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.vertuealamy-630x354.jpg)
Credit: Alamy Stock Photo
Laurent Giles’s design No15 was drawn in 1935 for a Guernsey solicitor who wanted ‘a boat that would spin on a sixpence and I could sail single-handed ’.
What the young Jack Giles gave him was a pretty transom-sterned cutter, with a nicely raked stem.
Despite being moderate in every way, the boat proved extremely able and was soon racking up long distances, including Humphrey Barton’s famous transatlantic crossing on Vertue XXXV in 1950.
Wanderer II and III
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Wanderer 3 yacht sailing with red brown sails](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/ed-wanderScreenshot-2022-07-19-at-12.13.37-630x354.png)
Credit: Thies Matzen
Eric and Susan Hiscock couldn’t afford a Vertue, so Laurent Giles designed a smaller, 21ft version for them which they named Wanderer II .
They were back a few years later, this time wanting a bigger version: the 30ft Wanderer III .
It was this boat they sailed around the world between 1952-55, writing articles and sailing books along the way.
In doing so, they introduced a whole generation of amateur sailors to the possibilities of long-distance cruising.
Westerly 22
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Westerly 22 yacht with a white hull and a white sail](https://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/07/edYAM279.profile_4pg.westerly22_comm-630x354.jpg)
The origins of Westerly Marine were incredibly modest.
Commander Denys Rayner started building plywood dinghies in the 1950s which morphed into a 22ft pocket cruiser called the Westcoaster.
Realising the potential of fibreglass, in 1963 he adapted the design to create the Westerly 22, an affordable cruising boat with bilge keels and a reverse sheer coachroof.
Some 332 boats were built to the design before it was relaunched as the Nomad (267 built).
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The crew briefing - an essential pre-sail safety practice.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf the modern cruising sailboat pdf](https://www.modernsailing.com/sites/default/files/field/image/MSC%20Summer%20Sailstice%202021%20-%20Lyon%20Omohundro-32.jpg)
Modern Sailing bareboat charter skippers are required to bring one or more crew members aboard before heading out for a sail. Although we train and vet skippers to ensure they have what it takes to safely operate a sailboat, we don’t ask skippers about the experience level of their charter guests. Choice of crew is entirely up to the skipper, and it's also up to the skipper to ensure that everyone aboard has some basic knowledge to contribute to a safe and enjoyable day on the water.
Assess your own skills and experience honestly and use your best judgement when it comes to sailing with inexperienced guests. Unless you’re a highly experienced skipper, when all your guests seem to be inexperienced, it's safest to recruit at least one skilled sailor to join you. (If you need some help finding crew, we recommend using the members-only email Crew List or Facebook Crew List .)
Keep in mind that everyone (including the skipper), will have a lot more fun when the tasks involved with operating a sailboat are shared with at least one competent crew member. Also, a skilled crew member aboard can free up your attention so that you can focus on sharing some basic skills with the noobies who are excited to learn and participate.
Regardless of your crew’s experience level, you’ll increase your odds of a safe and enjoyable sail and enable your crew members to cope with unforeseen challenges by providing a thorough pre-departure safety briefing. The crew briefing is especially necessary whenever you take on guests who lack sailing experience and/or when you are chartering a boat that is unfamiliar to your crew. Even if you're going to sail on a familiar boat with familiar crew, a quick briefing is still a good way to validate their knowledge. It can be easy for anyone to forget some of the basics if they haven't been sailing regularly.
Before the Day of Your Sail
Take the time to communicate with your crew members by email or phone to assess their sailing experience. This knowledge will help guide how much detail you need to go into during the pre-departure briefing. Also, try to find out how much each person will want to participate in the sailing activities, or whether they want to just sit back and enjoy the ride as a guest. Ensure that inexperienced guests understand the importance of appropriate footwear (non-skid, non-marking soles) and know how to dress for comfortable sailing on the Bay.
If any of your guests or crew members are concerned about seasickness, send them a link to our article 10 Tips to Prevent and Remedy Seasickness . (Some measures to prevent seasickness must be taken in advance of the sail.) Also, before the day of your sail, everyone will want to be aware of the following MSC charter policies:
- Only the skipper of record or qualified co-skipper can maneuver boats in and out of dock slips.
- The legal limit set by the US Coast Guard for all boats is 12 people. All our boats have an individual Bareboat Capacity Recommendation that is based on how many people can sail comfortably. (For more information on bareboat capacity, see article Choosing the Right Boat for Your Charter )
- Pets are not permitted on boats.
- Fishing gear of any kind, including crab pots, are prohibited.
- Modern Sailing sailboats are a smoke-free zone everywhere onboard.
- Red wine stains decks and interiors and is not permitted aboard.
- Anyone (skipper or guest) deemed intoxicated at the time of an accident will be fully responsible for all bodily injury or property damage as a result of that accident. Also, you are not covered by insurance if intoxicated.
The Day of Your Sail
Appoint your most competent crew member as first mate and ensure this person understands how to start/stop the engine, use the VHF radio, douse or furl sails, and steer. If your first mate is not very experienced, take the time to provide some one-on-one instruction before you head out. Before you leave the dock, follow the crew briefing checklist below to help you inform your crew of the most essential details. These items are critical as they are related to safety and will help prevent injuries or damage to the vessel. With this checklist, we’ll provide a few additional fine points about some items. Below this list, you’ll find a more concise version in PDF format that you can print out, laminate or insert in a sheet protector, and keep in your gear bag.
Pre-sail Safety Briefing Checklist
- First aid kit location
- pull pin, point at base of fire, squeeze handle
- Location of wooden plugs
- Seacock locations, how to tell if a seacock is open or closed
- What to do if the boat is taking on water
- Flares location and how to use flares safely
- Airhorn – when and how to use
- Securité : to inform other mariners of hazards to navigation, such as large debris floating in the water, or a disabled vessel anchored in a channel
- Pan-pan (pronounced "pahn-pahn”): to inform other vessels, the Coast Guard, and/or Vessel Assist of urgent situations that are not immediately life-threatening, such as your vessel is disabled, or you are lost in fog
- Mayday : for life-threatening emergencies only, such as fire aboard or imminent sinking of the vessel
- See article Marine Battery and Power Management Basics
- The US Coast Guard requires that children under the age of 12 must wear lifejackets on boats
- San Francisco Bay is cold – hypothermia can quickly disable even strong swimmers
- Do not flush anything unless you’ve eaten it first
- Dispose of tissue paper and sanitary products in waste basket
- Electric heads - use a minimal amount of water when flushing, holding tanks can fill quickly
- How to open and close
- Close hatches before leaving the dock
- Always keep hatches closed when under way
- Safety risks (slips, trips, and snags)
- Propane tank location and valve
- LPG solenoid switch
- Risks, precautions
- How to light and extinquish
- Turn off refrigerator/freezer before disconnecting from shore power
- See Charter Boat Icebox and Refrigerator Best Practices
- Boat Inventory on cover of binder
- SeaTow membership card
- Insurance documents
- Okay to consume but do so responsibly - do not get intoxicated
- “One hand for you, one hand for the boat.”
- Handhold locations: overhead rails and fiddles on galley counters, salon table, etc.
- Where to stow gear down below
- Pull lines aboard quickly when leaving the dock slip
- Stow all dock lines in lockers, do not tie in larksheads on the lifeline or pulpit
- For more information, see It’s Easy to Prevent the Costly Consequences of Prop Wrap
- How to start and stop engine
- How to shift into forward, reverse, neutral
- Instruments
- Cockpit lockers and their contents
- Demonstrate how to attach
- Safe operation
- Ensure bitter end of rode is connected to a strong attachment point in the anchor locker
- Always start engine before operating windlass
- Crew overboard recovery equipment – throwable PFDs, ie, Type IV square, LifeSling, horseshoe buoy, ring buoy
- See Sailing with Lazy Jacks and Stack Packs
- See The Ins and Outs of Furling Mainsails
- Reefing and unreefing the mainsail
- See Four Essential Sail Care Tips for MSC Charterers
- Coast Guard Rule # 5 - crew must always be on watch
Crew Health
- “One hand for you, one hand for the boat!”
- Boom – “jibe ho!” = watch your head
- Slips/trips prevention
- Winches and clutches – safe use (thumbs to the heart, do not wrap lines around hands)
- Stay on the windward side when moving forward on deck
- See Common Sailing Injuries and How to Prevent Them
- Seasickness – how to avoid, what to do when feeling queasy
- Eat small, frequent meals or snacks
- Drink plenty of water to remain hydrated
- Alcohol and caffeine will increase the risk of dehydration
Want to learn more about crew leadership? These courses will help develop your skipper skills:
- ASA 103, Bareboat Cruising
- ASA 104, Bareboat Cruising
- ASA 106, Advanced Coastal Cruising
- Club Skipper Clinic
The Crew List is an email distribution list administered by Modern Sailing. To join the Crew List, please send an email to [email protected] .
Did you find this article helpful or informative? There's more where it came from! You'll become a better sailor when you read the educational articles in the Member Resources section of our website. Check it out!
Article by Mary Elkins on September 23, 2021 Updated April 13, 2023 Photo credit: Lyon Omohundro
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Testimonials.
Since many, many years, I had the dream to sail underneath the Golden Gate bridge. On October 14th last year, my dream became true. Thanks to our dear friend Aaron Fritz who made it possible and organized this cruise for us. With this adventure I was able to achieve one more milestone on my sailing career.
Finally on the water, it was great! Full moon made the flows even stronger and it was like sailing in a washing machine.
I did my sailing education in the English Channel, where the situation with the wind and flows is comparable to the San Francisco Bay. So I felt pretty much "at home" being on the helm in the Bay.
I hope our skipper Stan Lander enjoyed this day cruise too. We, definitely did! It was an unforgettable experience for all of us.
A very big thank you to all of you who made it possible, that my dream became reality! Also thank you for the MSC flag I got at the end of the day. It found it's place in my study, where I can see it daily.
![Rolf Zingg Rolf Zingg](https://www.modernsailing.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/testimonials/Sailing%20under%20the%20Golden%20Gate%20Bridge%20-%20Rolf%20Zingg%20Testimonial.jpg?itok=_KYqJqth)
The vessel was clean and in fine condition - very nice boat for training, well-equipped.
Captain Jeff Cathers is really cool. I had such a great time on the Farallones Day Trip . It was actually my very best day of 2020. Thank you so much for coordinating the trip.
![Farallones trip Farallones trip](https://www.modernsailing.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/testimonials/Farallones%20Day%20Trip%20Whales%20Pic1%20photo%20by%20Trudy%20Flores.jpg?itok=bHbWiloM)
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- About Modern Wooden Boats
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- What’s inside a boat plan ?
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf](https://www.modernwoodenboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/petrel-33_2-1862x300.jpg)
Petrel 33: widen your horizons
Petrel 33 is the logical evolution of her smaller sister petrel 28 , with the task to expand the horizons of cruising activity for a 4-6 person crew, raising the bar of onboard comfort, keeping the boat size under the critical (for a homebuilder) size of 34 foot – 10 meters of overall length., a “new classic” looking cruiser, sturdy, with no frills and weird solutions, ready to let you sail with a decent speed and a very good comfort level both at anchor and sailing., the starting point is the very good sailing capabilities shown by the petrel 28, so i decided to develope this hull into a enlarged design, keeping a quite narrow hull for actual standard, prolonging the bow lines for a plumb stempost; i expect to have a similar behaviour of the proven 28footer, with a tender weather helm in every situation, a very soft and gentle wave riding attitude in a seaway, and a good acceleration coming out of the tacks, i expect a little bit more speed given the longer water length ; section are moderately full at the bow, maximum beam is around 60% of hull lenght , transom sections keep a moderate vee.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf petrel 33 hull lines](https://www.modernwoodenboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/petrel-33-hull-lines.jpg)
Stability calculations give us good parameters (see stability curve attached) , with a real large positive area stability, a 123° AVS (Angle of Vanishing Stability) with loaded boat, and a minimal negative area in the stability curves.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf StabilityCG90jpeg](https://www.modernwoodenboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/StabilityCG90jpeg.jpg)
Rig and sailplan:
Sailplan is based on a 50% area split among mainsail and a furling jib ; we kept the upwind sailing area to a moderate value, avoiding “wannabe racers” temptations; a decent sized gennaker can be hoisted on the fixed bowsprit, an obvious choice given the fact that the new generation furlers are making this sails very easy to manage for cruising crews too, adding the pleasure of sailing downwind in light airs at a decent pace, a weather situation which is quite a pain in normal mainsail + jib configurations ; in roughest situation you can hoist a storm jib on a removable internal stay fitted on a high load chainplate leaning on the forward structural bulkhead ; rig is a classical 2 spreaders mast , spreaders are 15° swept, there is a structural backstay and no structural runners, lower shrouds are doubled., deck gear configuration features classical sturdy and manageable solutions, without too many frills : 4 self tailing winches to pull sheets, halyards and control lines, 2 stoppers array on cabin top panel, 2 tracks for jib cars, so that the jib can keep a decent shape even furled, a small track for the mainsail purchase, all the control lines are led to cockpit to avoid bow walks in “spicy” situations (plans will detail how to make bombproof fitting points for lifelines too);, boat will be powered by a diesel (20-30 hp) or electric (7 kw) inboard engine fitted with a saildrive or shaft-line transmission ; this will allow to keep a decent pace while motoring in zero wind situation, or to add a good booster to sail thrust if needed; i expect to reach a 6.5 knots boat speed at 2000 rpm with a 30 hp diesel engine., rudder and steering system:, rudder is a single blade semi-compensated one with tiller steering system ; there will be two options detailed on plans: spade rudder with ss steel shaft (this solution is depicted in rendered images), and an easier to build transom hung rudder., finkeel is naca profile keel made of welded steel plates, ; ballast is made by lead poured in the keel hollows ; keel is fitted on the hull with a web of bolts on solid hardwood floors, with nuts and high thickness ss steel counterplates under the cabin floorings; keel load is carefully distributed to avoid any local high stress area., interiors and on board living:, this area marks the main differences among this 34 footer and her smaller sister; higher hull topsides and two more meters of boat make a world of difference in terms of interiors and on board comfort; we have 6 regular berths, a comfortable galley and dinette area, a decent volume for on board systems and storage, all that you need to medium-long range sailing given the size of the boat ; both forward and after cabin are closed with a small door to gain a little bit more privacy ; cabin height is around 191 cm , cockpit is quite wide, and it’s designed to be comfortable for a crew of 6 while sailing with the heeled boat too ; transom area is protected by a sturdy wooden hinged structure that can be lowered when moored to be used as a transom platform. low sleek coamings protect the forward area of the cockpit , making the primary winch basement too; toerails and good sized areas among cabin flanks and hull sheerline make going to the bow a very safe operation even when boat is heeled and in rough conditions;, building system:, given the good amount of miles sailed by petrel 28 in every sea state with very good reliability, i keep a similar structure for this project, upgrading the scantlings to cope with higher stresses; so the boat structure is a grid of plywood bulkheads and frames linked by solid wood stringers and a mixed plywood-solid wood structure forming keel backbone and stempost ; hull planking is made by 12 mm plywood, with the radiused area made by two layers of 6 mm plywood panels , all glued to the underlying structural grid , in a reliable , sturdy and easy to build system called “radius chine” ; cabin , cockpit and deck surfaces are made by 10-12 mm plywood panels stiffened by a grid of secondary stringers, solid beams and other structural elements; the hull bottom is further stiffened by a number of solid wood floors , tightly spaced in the centerboat area, where they bear the finkeel loads. all critical areas and structural bondings are strengthened and stiffened by epoxy resin laminated glass fabric and epoxy resin liquid joinery and structural bondings. this building system is definitely suited to be realized by home builders or small boatyards, with a basic level of wood craftmanship , in a decent amount of time given the size of the boat., in my view this will allow a small boatyard to build and offer a highly customized top level sailboat keeping the final prize to a reasonable level, which is basically the main concern when it comes to manage a small boatyard..
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf petrel 33_strutt](https://www.modernwoodenboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/petrel-33_strutt.jpg)
Building plans and study plans: project Petrel 33 is is completed : now I’m starting the long and meticulous process of drawing the building plans; complete plans will be available approximately at the end of spring at this link , anyway if someone is so committed to long for an immediate start of construction he can purchase plans starting from now, a first batch of drawings (hull parts , assembly scaffold and hull structures) will be delivered within a week so that he can start building, the rest will follow as scheduled within half of June 2018; study plans and bill of materials will be available approximately within the end of April 2018 and will be downloadable form this page for free, as usual. Stay tuned !!!
Plans price: 900 € for paper sheets, 840€ for pdf format drawings, 350 € for cad engraving files (required if you want to cut all the plywood parts with cnc machinery, includes keel steel plating shapes) ; plans will be made approximately of 27 drawings and a 25 pages booklet with assembly sequence, tips and tricks, plans can be purchased here, a discount will be available for the first buyer ., petrel 33 specifications, hull length: 9,90 m (bowsprit included), overall length: 9,90 m, maximum beam: 3,03 m, prismatic coefficient: 0,53, sink rate: 170kg/cm, canoe body wet surface: 18 m2, draft at design displacement: 1,80 m, vacant ship diplacement: 3400 kg (all gear up, no water and food, no fuel), design displacement: 4050kg (crew of 4 + luggage, 50kg fuel, acqua 150 liters water, 100 kg extra), maximum displacement: 4500 kg (crew of 6 + luggage, full fuel, full water), ballast: 1300 kg: fixed keel, upwind sail area : 47,3 m2 , mainsail 23.2 m2, jib 24 m2, staysail on removable babystay: 6.5 m2, gennaker: 65 m2, mast height on dwl: m 13,3, performance parameters : sa/displ^0.66 = 19.5 , sa/wet surface = 2.6 (canoe body only), engine: diesel inboard with saildrive or shaftline transmission, 20-30 hp, 50 liters fuel tank , electric engine specifications on plans, accommodations: 6 fulls sized (1,90 m or more) berths, 1 v berth at bow, 1 double berth on transom , 2 galley berths, interiors: charting table with main electric panel, vhf radio and chart plotter area, galley with stove, sink and 30 liters fridge, enclosed toilet with wc sink and shower, central table in dinette with foldable wings. 190 cm height in the whole galley area., systems: 12 v and 220 v wiring scheme, fresh water and black water plumbing scheme, 200 or more liter freshwater tanks.; two service batteries and a engine dedicated battery, ce label : possible b6/c10 , data to be required as extra item..
- plans: 900€ for paper version, 840 for PDF version , 350 for CNC cutting files , can be purchased here
![petrel 33_1 the modern cruising sailboat pdf](https://www.modernwoodenboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/petrel-33_1-385x169.jpg)
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The Modern Cruising Sailboat: A Complete Guide to its Design, Construction, and Outfitting Kindle Edition
A comprehensive guide to help you identify and equip the boat that best suits your needs
Well-known boating writer Charles Doane unravels the complexity of cruising sailboat design and explains the fundamentals and the ramifications of each design decision. In easy-to-understand terms, Doane explains theoretical aspects of design, pragmatic issues like keel shape and berth configuration, pros and cons of various construction methods and materials, outfitting, propulsion, rigging and much more.
- Print length 1067 pages
- Language English
- Sticky notes On Kindle Scribe
- Publisher International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press
- Publication date December 6, 2009
- File size 21557 KB
- Page Flip Enabled
- Word Wise Enabled
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Editorial Reviews
From the publisher, about the author, excerpt. © reprinted by permission. all rights reserved., the modern cruising sailboat, the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., chapter one.
Excerpted from THE MODERN CRUISING SAILBOAT by CHARLES J. DOANE Copyright © 2010 by Charles J. Doane. Excerpted by permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher. Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Product details
- ASIN : B00322EWBG
- Publisher : International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; 1st edition (December 6, 2009)
- Publication date : December 6, 2009
- Language : English
- File size : 21557 KB
- Simultaneous device usage : Up to 4 simultaneous devices, per publisher limits
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
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- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 1067 pages
- #340 in Sailing (Kindle Store)
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Dear Readers
- Sailboat Reviews
Practical Sailor Takes a Look at Trends in Modern Boat Design
Is the quest for speed and interior comfort trumping smart design in todays sailboats.
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Practical Sailor editors have noticed the increasing tendency in newer-model sailboats to be ill-mannered in gusty conditions. Establishing balance between the sails and the hull is one of the main factors in quality boat design. For correct trim, many things must be considered: the ballast package location, the combined longitudinal center of gravity (LCG), and the longitudinal center of buoyancy. At the same time, to maintain a balanced helm, the keel must promote sufficient lead (the fore and aft distance between the center of effort and the center of lateral resistance). To highlight how these boat design principles play out, Practical Sailor looks at classic sailboats such as the Bill Shaw-designed Pearson 32, Ericson 41, Valiant 40, and Peterson 44, and compares their keel/sail ratios and lead values to more modern sailboat designs such as the Catalina, Hunter, Tartan, and Beneteau.
In the course of taking out boats for testing, Practical Sailor editors have observed an increased tendency for new-model sailboats to be ill-mannered in gusty conditions. We have been watching this trend for several years, and it seems to be becoming more usual than unusual.
In a typical situation, we will be sailing the test boat on the wind in 12 or so knots of breeze and everything is fine. Then, the breeze picks up to about 15 knots and the helm loads up. OK, thats to be expected, so we flatten the main, drop down the traveler, and that takes care of it.
Then we get a puff. Were already on the point of needing to reef, so in the puff, were overcanvassed. Instead of just heeling farther, the boat begins to round up. Fighting it with the helm is hard work, and easing the main so it luffs doesn’t help much.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf A Bill Shaw-designed Pearson 32](https://cdn.practical-sailor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/0209-DSC_0172.jpg.optimal.jpg)
Photo by Ralph Naranjo
We take in a reef, which usually means we roll in a bit of the jib or a bit of the main, or both, and the helm lightens up. We trim to the new wind and sail along, a bit slower now in the light spots, but then the next gust comes along, and the helm immediately loads up again.
In the worst case weve experienced, the boat rounded up so quickly that it tacked, even though the helm was hard over in the opposite direction. To prove that wasnt a fluke caused by a temporary diversion into a parallel universe, it did the same thing on the other tack.
Practical Sailor editors are old enough to remember a generation of cruising boats that didnt behave in this manner. For sure, there have always been twitchy boats, but most, when hit by a gust, would heel a little more, put some pressure on the wheel or tiller, and once the boat picked up speed, the pressure would come right off. A boat like that will sail for a long time with a loose lashing on the helm.
So, where does this bad habit come from? Several trends in modern cruising yacht design can share the blame. One of them is builders inclination to tilt their designs toward the performance end of the cruisers spectrum. Many recent and current cruising boats, if suitably fitted out with racing sails and the hardware and software to tweak them, could put up an impressive show on the race course.
The sensitivity to trim that accompanies such potential isn’t always suited to cruising shorthanded or with a family, when balance and good manners are key both to enjoyment and, to a degree, safety.
Establishing Balance
Many factors contribute to the balance of a sailboat. The obvious and principal pair are the sails and the hull. When working up a new design, the architect develops these in close association, but both are in turn influenced by other aspects of the boats design as it evolves.
In the standard approach, the designer works up preliminary drawings to express the basic requirements of the design brief, which normally include a desired length, displacement, cabin arrangement, and sailplan to provide the desired performance.
He then sketches out the hull lines (the matrix of contours that define its three-dimensional shape and its volume) to enclose the interior and meet expressed performance goals. The preliminary lines also serve as a basis on which to perform a number of calculations, one of them being the location of the center of buoyancy (CB).
With everything roughed out, the designer then “weighs” every item that will go into the complete boat, from the hull laminate to the toothbrush holder, but excluding the ballast. He combines these weights and their locations on the three axes, X, Y, and Z, to calculate the center of gravity (CG) of the whole package. Computer programs have helped to speed up this process and make volume calculations more accurate, but the process hasn’t changed much.
For the boat to float on its desired lines, the ballast package must then be designed and located to bring the combined longitudinal CG (LCG) of hull and ballast to the same fore-and-aft location as the CB (LCB). Once everything has been resolved satisfactorily, the designer can finalize the lines, carry out the necessary calculations, and establish shape and locations for the keel and the sailplan.
On most boats of current design, the ballast also constitutes the fin keel, and in that role, its location determines the center of lateral resistance (CLR), which in conjunction with the center of effort (CE) of the sailplan, influences how the boat balances under sail.
Even as boat design procedures have evolved from three-dimensional modeling using half hulls, through two-dimensional modeling using pen on vellum, to three-dimensional virtual modeling on computers, the fundamental principles have remained constant. One of the fundamental values used for predicting the proclivities of a boats helm is the dimension termed “lead.” Lead, pronounced “leed,” is the fore and aft distance between the CE and the CLR, expressed as a percentage of the waterline length (DWL).
“Skenes Elements of Yacht Design,” as revised by Francis S. Kinney, and other references for yacht design provide rules of thumb for calculating lead from the sailplan and the hull profile. (See illustration above).
Looking at the diagram, its easy to see how lead is an elusive quantity. First of all, no boat sails with the sailplan as shown-the sails are never flat and on centerline. The traditional range for lead places the CE forward of the CLR by 14 to 19 percent of DWL. This value is lifted from “Skenes,” for years the first reference for any designer. Since that book was written and updated, hull forms have changed, and with them, optimum values for lead.
On designs with fin keels, lead is often calculated with reference to the keel alone. One feature remains constant whatever the design. Moving the centers closer together-reducing lead-increases the tendency to weather helm. Moving them apart reduces that tendency. If the lead is too great, the result may be lee helm, which is generally considered undesirable-and is in fact, rare.
In Kinneys prime years, the 1960s to the 1980s, the basic working sailplan of a sloop included a 150-percent genoa, which would have the effect of moving the CE closer to the CLR. Many designs today have headsails with short or even no overlap and very often a full-battened mainsail with lots of roach. The different aerodynamic characteristics of such rigs might well affect optimum lead, something which designers can only determine through experience. (If a boatbuilder offers an in-mast furling mainsail as an option, its effect on lead will differ from that of the “classic” sailboat.)
The effective CLR can also be very different from that calculated. On a deep-bodied, full-keel hull, that difference simply might be the difference between the geometric center and the center of hydrodynamic pressure of the whole profile.
A sharp bow with a pronounced “chin” might well move the effective CLR forward. On a modern, fin-keeled boat with a shallow, broad canoe body like that of a dinghy, the keel makes a proportionately larger contribution to lateral resistance, so the location of the keel will strongly influence where that resistance operates.
Obviously the rudder, too, is part of the lateral plane, but if our objective is to sail with light to neutral pressure on the helm, under normal conditions, it should not be making a significant contribution to lateral resistance. Its role is to provide a means to change the boats direction and to compensate for the constant fluctuations in the forces applied to the boat in the normal course of sailing. A certain amount of pressure in the form of weather helm helps by providing positive feedback to the helmsman on the state of balance. That said, on many racing hulls, the rudder is designed to contribute lift and has an active role in driving the boat to windward. (It is worth noting that those wide-bodied race boats also tend to have twin rudders.)
Then and Now
Even in the age of computer modeling, yacht design remains a series of compromises. At the moment, it seems the pendulum has swung to a point where high-volume, wide-beam shapes dominate. With them come large rigs to overcome skin drag and its negative effect in light air. As a result, theres a need to sail the vessel as flat as possible or suffer the consequences.
The sailplan and outboard profiles of boats from different eras represent the shift in yacht design that has occurred during recent decades. The modern boats have longer proportional waterlines, indicating higher potential speed. It also means that the boats immersed volume, or displacement, has been distributed over a greater length.
Given two boats of similar displacement like the classic Pearson 32 and the modern Tartan 3400 (above), the Tartan winds up with a shallower canoe body. This also contributes to its being potentially faster and, if both boats had the same draft, would give the keel a slight advantage in span, and therefore effectiveness to windward.
So far so good, but a shallower canoe body forces the cabin sole upward, especially if the belowdecks accommodations are to take full advantage of the wide beam favored in the modern hull. To achieve comparable headroom with its older counterpart, the cabintop has to go up, too, and to ensure sitting headroom on the settees under the sidedeck, so does the freeboard.
Ultimately, the whole deck moves upward. To ensure the boom doesn’t sweep everybody out of the cockpit during an unplanned jibe, the boom too goes up. If sail area is not to be compromised, the entire mainsail goes up, and with it, its center of effort. The bigger the boat, the less pronounced these differences become as the proportions become more relaxed.
Differences are visible, too, between the boats keels; the modern Tartans is smaller in area. While it might be claimed that less wetted surface promises higher sailing speeds in light air, some builders accept a smaller keel to simplify the manufacture of the hull.
In a perfect world, the designer draws a keel to suit the boats sail area and other characteristics, places it to obtain the desired sailing performance, then massages the needed ballast to both fit the keel and trim the boat correctly. The volume of the ballast is usually less than that of the keel, and the builder has to do some intricate laminating work to mold a keel to receive ballast internally or a stub to which to bolt it externally.
On many production boats today, the keels are bolted directly to the bottom of a fair canoe body, a practice which eliminates much labor. The consequence is that the area of the keel is determined by the weight, and therefore the volume, of the ballast. To achieve the desired hydrodynamic properties and mechanical strength-it mustnt bend under the influence of normal sailing loads-a given volume of ballast can be formed into a limited range of shapes. Placing ballast in a bulb at the bottom aids the keels efficiency by creating an endplate effect and raises stiffness by placing ballast low, but it means that the keels lateral plane is sharply reduced.
For a more dramatic representation of how changes in keel design can affect helm balance, compare a Cruising Club of America (CCA) design like the Ericson 41 above, to a modern equivalent with comparable sail area like the Beneteau 46.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf The Stern Of a Modern C&C 121](https://cdn.practical-sailor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/0209-IMG_1744.jpg.optimal.jpg)
When sailing, two boats are subjected to similar forces on the sails. Resisting that side force are the immersed hull, the keel, and the rudder. If the hulls offer similar resistance, the remaining force is shared between the keel and rudder. If one keel is smaller than the other (as is clearly the case here), the effect is to increase the share taken by the rudder.
When the sails are trimmed properly and all is in balance, the rudder will carry a small load. If however, you hit a gust, the rudder must pick up a high proportion of the added side thrust until balance is restored, usually by some adjustment to sail trim.
Simply put, boats of the general modern type are not forgiving in changeable conditions, say, for example when the apparent wind is in the 12- to 18-knot range. At the higher end, youd want to be reefed; at the lower end, probably not.
On a day when you expect the wind to soften rather than harden, youd rather not put in the reef, so that you can maintain speed in the lulls. In the puffs, you want your hands free to ease the traveler and flatten the jib, which is hard to do if the helm is a handful. Compounding the problem on most boats, the mainsail controls are usually not within reach of the helm.
On racing boats, such sensitivity isn’t an issue. On the contrary, sufficient crew are on hand to make adjustments on the fly as quickly and often as needed to keep the boat sailing at her fastest.
Cruising boats are often sailed shorthanded and by crews who are not looking for a constant physical workout. An autopilot might be doing most of the steering, and good balance is helpful in protecting it from having to work too hard-or from being overpowered.
Another striking difference between the older and newer designs is visible in the plan (overhead) view. By 1980, cruising-boat hulls were already becoming beamy relative to boats of the 1960s and 1970s. The current trend is to carry the beam aft, so that in the region of the rudder, its as much as 85 percent of the maximum beam, far wider than the 55 percent to 60 percent once considered acceptable. The principal beneficiary of this extra breadth is the boats interior-builders often offer twin double cabins aft where a generation ago they might have squeezed in a quarter berth and a cockpit locker. The cockpit, too, becomes roomier, and the transom, scooped and sculpted, is transformed into a swim platform and dinghy dock.
![the modern cruising sailboat pdf Modern Boat Design](https://cdn.practical-sailor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/0209-IMG_0064.jpg.optimal.jpg)
Photo by Jarrod Scanlon
All this additional boat aft adds weight aft, in both construction materials and outfit. To compensate, the ballast-that is to say, the keel-has to be fitted farther forward.
The full beam aft does provide a significant boost to the boats ability to carry sail. As the boat heels, the center of buoyancy moves quickly outboard, away from the center of gravity. This lengthens the righting arm, giving a positive contribution toward stability, but it also moves the immersed centerline of the hull away from the static centerline along which both the keel and the rudder are attached. Depending on the hulls shape, this can create a distortion in the immersed volume, which can in turn affect the dynamics acting on it.
Effect of Keel Area
Another factor entering the equation is the area of the keel. This, too, is apparent when comparing the drawings of the older and newer generation boats. Many of the standard tracts on the design of sailing yachts are, lets say, vague on what keel area is adequate or even desirable, although many designers have come up with their own formulas.
Because the keel is reacting in the water to forces generated on the sails by the wind, it makes sense that the area of a fin keel should be related in some way to sail area.
When naval architect Dave Gerr took over as director of the Westlawn Institute of Marine Technology, he found the course materials for sailing yacht design had little detailed explanation on this topic, a gap he subsequently filled. Briefly, he recommends no fin keel should be less that 2.5 percent of the sail area (mainsail 100 percent foretriangle) and need be no more than 5 percent. The smaller value is appropriate for a racing boat with a full crew aboard to trim and tweak the sails to every change in the wind. The larger area is suited to cruising boats, which need to be more forgiving to shorthanded crews.
Current Design Trends
In the past, racing measurement rules have been criticized because the boats designed to compete under them have become type-formed, sometimes with unwelcome consequences in how they handle. We might just as easily level criticism at present-day marketing and manufacturing methods for doing the same to cruising boats.
Lets face it, but for a few differences in sailplans and keel shapes, modern cruising sailboats are quite generic below the sheerline. They are all beamy; they carry their beam aft; they have long waterlines; they have dinghy-like underbodies; and they have spade rudders. The forces that have created this shape have at least as much to do with how many people can sleep and shower in them comfortably as with how the boats will sail.
Dishing out the hull shape in this manner makes it fairly easy to push through the water, but arranging the keel, rudder, and sails so they work in concert has become a more complex problem, exacerbated by having to compensate for extra weight of accommodations aft, something thats less of an issue in raceboats.
The byproduct of these design parameters is zesty performance, a bonus for the marketing department, but speed for its own sake is not the first priority of cruising sailors. In the brochure for the Beneteau 37, the boats polar diagram shows a maximum theoretical sailing speed of over 12 knots in 30 knots of wind. When cruising sailors encounter 30-knot winds, they are more likely to hunker down in the expectation it will blow even harder than they are to set the chute to go surfing. What they want is a boat that will take readily to hunkering, and all the signs indicate those boats are getting fewer in number . . . and they are mostly older designs.
- The Balancing Act
- Pearson 32 vs. Tartan 3400
- Ericson 41 vs. Beneteau 46
- Practical Sailor Design Guide
- The Modern Hull and Helm Balance
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The American Sailing Association's coastal cruising made easy : the official manual of the American Sailing Association's Basic Coastal Cruising Standard (ASA103)
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Stephens Waring launches new design, 39-foot sailing yacht ‘Wisp’
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BELFAST — Stephens Waring Design has launched the 39-foot sailing yacht Wisp, describing the boat as, “ a seamless blend of Spirit of Tradition aesthetics and modern sailing technology.”
The Wisp continues the legacy of the Stephens Waring Spirit of Tradition yachts, where classic design meets contemporary innovation.
“This vessel features a gracefully balanced hull reminiscent of mid-20th-century cruiser-racers, with elegant overhangs that echo historical yacht designs from 75 years ago,” said the yacht designers, in a news release.
On deck, Wisp offers a sophisticated, dual-purpose cockpit: a plush, upholstered area for lounging forward and a dedicated sailing zone aft.
“Thanks to a design that marries functional ergonomics with classic aesthetics, the helmsperson enjoys easy access to all sailing controls without leaving the wheel,” the release said.
Robert Stephens, the designer behind Wisp , said the boat, “embodies the Spirit of Tradition, combining timeless elegance with modern efficiency and comfort.”
Constructed by Artisan Boatworks in Rockport, Wisp features a foam-cored plywood deck, which enhances structural integrity and streamlines construction by allowing the deck to be assembled separately from the hull. This method not only improves structural rigidity but also accelerates the build process by synchronizing the construction of the hull and deck.
Paul Waring, co-designer, said, “Collaborating closely with our clients, Wisp transforms their dreams into reality, offering a powerful, elegant, and versatile sailing experience with uncompromising construction quality.”
Wisp is designed for outstanding performance with a moderate draft and generous sail area. Its Solent rig includes a working jib and a large, multi-purpose reacher, each on fixed furlers, ensuring adaptability and ease of handling. The yacht features advanced push-button sailing operations, ideal for navigating the light winds and choppy seas of Long Island Sound.
Innovative features include an under-deck mainsheet trim system with a reverse-purchase hydraulic cylinder, enhancing efficiency in jibes and load management. All winches are electric, providing effortless control for jib and reacher sheets, and for hoisting the roller-furling mainsail. Additionally, the swing-out anchor launcher, equipped with a gas-spring assist, offers both streamlined aesthetics and practical ease of use.
LOA: 12.04 meters (39’ 6”)
LWL: 9.21 meters (30’ 3”)
Beam: 3.36 meters (11’ 0”)
Draft: 1.83 meters (6’ 0”)
Displacement: 6600 kg (14,500 lb)
Sail Area: Mainsail: 43.1 sq. m. (464 sq ft) 100% Foretriangle: 28.4 sq. m. (306 sq ft) Total: 71.5 sq. m. (769 sq ft)
Power: Yanmar 3JH40 40 hp
Fuel: 118 liters diesel (31 gallons)
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Stephens Waring Yacht Design is known internationally as a custom naval architecture and engineering firm located in Belfast.
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40+ Acre Parcel with Picturesque Views in Newcastle
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Unforgettable Weddings at Exquisite Waterfront Hotel
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Vintage Motorcycle Festival
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1st week of NFL Sunday Ticket
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Fused Glass Wind Chime Workshop!
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Ocean View Breakfast in Tenants Harbor
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1956 Farmall/IHC 200
Noritaki Shenandoah Set
1988 Mercedes 560SL
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The Promise: Early video showcase at Maine Media College, Sept. 19
Darshan music to bring harmonious chants, drum beats to belfast, sept.19, camden author’s “sailing svalbard: the last imaginary place” talk to serve as launch party for new book, art making evening at rockland library: "erasure poetry", trekkers celebrates 30th anniversary with community cookout, sept. 14, political cartoonist to speak at quarry hill, sept. 26, ‘mr. smith goes to washington’ to be screened at strand, sept. 19, united midcoast charities annual grantee breakfast to participate in virtual global conversation advocating for hope, kindness , prospect wicked good bean suppah, sept. 14, public supper "pot luck" in south thomaston, sept. 11, darrowby farm sanctuary holds open house, sept. 21, talk like a pirate day concert to feature shank painters, sept. 14, rockport masonic center completes concert series 2024 with lise and rose, sept. 11, september 2024 book sale at rockport library.
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Charlie Doane, former senior editor of SAIL, is currently that magazine's editor at large. He has also worked on staff at Cruising World, and Offshore magazines, and written dozens of freelance articles for Blue Water Sailing, Ocean Navigator, Boatworks, and Yachting Monthly. The author of dozens of technical features and boat tests, he has served as a judge in SAIL's Top Ten competition.
A comprehensive guide to help you identify and equip the boat that best suits your needs Well-known boating writer Charles Doane unravels the complexity of cruising sailboat design and explains the fundamentals and the ramifications of each design decision. In easy-to-understand terms, Doane explains theoretical aspects of design, pragmatic issues like keel shape and berth configuration, pros ...
A comprehensive guide to help you identify and equip the boat that best suits your needs. Well-known boating writer Charles Doane unravels the complexity of cruising sailboat design and explains the fundamentals and the ramifications of each design decision. In easy-to-understand terms, Doane explains theoretical aspects of design, pragmatic ...
The Modern Cruising Sailboat: A Complete Guide to its Design, Construction, and Outfitting - Ebook written by Charles J. Doane. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read The Modern Cruising Sailboat: A Complete Guide to its Design, Construction, and Outfitting.
The Modern Cruising Sailboat (International Marine 2009) by Charles Doane offers a wealth of information useful as a guide for beginning cruising sailors and as an authoritative and nearly comprehensive review for cruising veterans. While mostly directed at the cruising sailor, racers and day sailors will also likely find the book interesting.
Jun 9, 2010. Often, buying a cruising boat is the realization of a lifelong dream. But with that dream comes financial, logistical and, yes, personal obligations. While all of them can be managed, it's a lot easier when you understand the realities that go with boat ownership. Doane has owned many boats over the years—his latest is ...
A comprehensive guide to help you identify and equip the boat that best suits your needsWell-known boating writer Charles Doane unravels the complexity of cruising sailboat design and explains the fundamentals and the ramifications of each design decision. In easy-to-understand terms, Doane explains theoretical aspects of design, pragmatic issues like keel shape and berth configuration, pros ...
Well-known boating writer Charles Doane unravels the complexity of cruising sailboat design and explains the fundamentals and the ramifications of each design decision. In easy-to-understand terms, Doane explains theoretical aspects of design, pragmatic issues like keel shape and berth configuration, pros and cons of various construction ...
Summary: Modern Cruising Sailboat, The: A Complete Guide to Its Design, Construction, and Outfitting eBook , English , ©2010 Edition : View all formats and editions
Contessa 32. Assent 's performance in the 1979 Fastnet Race makes the Contessa 32 a worth entry in the 25 best small sailing boat designs list. Credit: Nic Compton. Designed by David Sadler as a bigger alternative to the popular Contessa 26, the Contessa 32 was built by Jeremy Rogers in Lymington from 1970.
sailboat design; all that's needed is to interpret them in sailing terms. The axioms of fast sailing designs are: (1) increased sail plan area (horse- power) increases speed; (2) lighter- weight hulls and keels produce faster boats; and (3) efficiently designed hulls make the best use of the horse- power produced by a sail plan.
The Gold Fleet. Our Gold Fleet consists of Beneteau, Jeanneau, Dufour, and Catalina yachts ranging from 35 - 37 ft. long. Enjoy a luxurious sail with the modern amenities that these yachts are renowned for. Conveniently rigged, these yachts feature stack-packs, in-mast furling, dutch reefing systems, and dodgers.
On a boat, "forward" refers to the front of the boat (otherwise known as the "bow"). Even if you are facing the stern, or back of the boat, a command to go forward means to go toward the bow of the boat. In order to prevent confusion, there are four basic terms used to designate directions on the boat. You probably have heard them before:
The Crew Briefing - An Essential Pre-sail Safety Practice. Modern Sailing bareboat charter skippers are required to bring one or more crew members aboard before heading out for a sail. Although we train and vet skippers to ensure they have what it takes to safely operate a sailboat, we don't ask skippers about the experience level of their ...
Petrel 33 is the logical evolution of her smaller sister Petrel 28 , with the task to expand the horizons of cruising activity for a 4-6 person crew, raising the bar of onboard comfort, keeping the boat size under the critical (for a homebuilder) size of 34 foot - 10 meters of overall length. A "new classic" looking cruiser, sturdy, with ...
The Complete Sailing Manual (3rd Edition) by Steve Sleight Bookreader Item Preview ... boat, sail, sailing, crew, wind, helmsman, jib, ... PDF download. download 1 file . SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP download. download 1 file ...
Charlie Doane, former senior editor of SAIL, is currently that magazine's editor at large. He has also worked on staff at Cruising World, and Offshore magazines, and written dozens of freelance articles for Blue Water Sailing, Ocean Navigator, Boatworks, and Yachting Monthly. The author of dozens of technical features and boat tests, he has served as a judge in SAIL's Top Ten competition.
Selecting and Purchasing an Ocean Cruising Sailboat
To highlight how these boat design principles play out, Practical Sailor looks at classic sailboats such as the Bill Shaw-designed Pearson 32, Ericson 41, Valiant 40, and Peterson 44, and compares their keel/sail ratios and lead values to more modern sailboat designs such as the Catalina, Hunter, Tartan, and Beneteau. ****.
a boat or recognizing how a sail interacts with wind. This is followed by the practical knowledge of rigging a sailboat. Last and most important, every student learns how to maneuver their vessel in a seamanlike manner. SAILING JARGON . Sailing is a unique sport that is steeped in a tradition that dates back over five thousand years when the first
Explore the inner workings of a cruising sailboat. Discover ways to get more performance out of your sails. Find out how to orient yourself on the water and measure your progress toward your destination. ... Pdf_module_version 0.0.17 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20220121170942 Republisher_operator [email protected] ...
BELFAST — Stephens Waring Design has launched the 39-foot sailing yacht Wisp, describing the boat as,"a seamless blend of Spirit of Tradition aesthetics and modern sailing technology." The Wisp continues the legacy of the Stephens Waring Spirit of Tradition yachts, where classic design meets contemporary innovation. "This vessel features a gracefully balanced hull reminiscent of mid ...